Author
AYDEMİR, Hasan
Publication Place
Ankara University -
Ankara University
Subject
Sufism
Type
Book
Language
ara,eng,tur
Digital
Yes
Manuscript
No
Library
Leitir Library
Library Asset ID
ISSN: 1301-0522, DOI: 10.33227/auifd.1074203
Record ID
cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_424507c5e2704f7792622b16ab2ce279
Library Location
DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals)
Notes
Thinkers of Sufism, theology and philosophy deal with the concept of ḫavāṭır in different ways of understanding since the third century of the Hijri. El-Hāris̠ el-Muḥāsibī (d. 243/857) also treats ḫavāṭ as a fundamental element of the understanding of riʿāya on a moral and practical basis. The fact that some ascetics during his lifetime based their actions on the information they obtained through subjective experiences was a factor that caused the crisis. In addition, their use of many expressions such as dāʿī/devāʿī, ʿāriḍ, delusion, nezġ/nezeġāt, ḥadīs̠u'n-nefs, ilhām, ḥikmet and maʿrifet to convey this information is another factor that causes conceptual confusion. Al-Muḥāsibī develops a systematic and holistic understanding of ḫavāṭır as a key concept to overcome these crises that prevent the formation of Sufism as a religious science. Thus, it builds the knowledge method of Sufism, which is on its way to becoming a religious science, based on an understanding based on the Quran and the Sunnah. In this study, firstly, the historical adventure in which the concept of ḫavāṭır began to be used in religious sciences was examined in order to question the originality of this understanding developed by al-Muḥāsibī, and it was discussed by comparing whether al-Muḥāṭir was influenced by philosophy and Muʿtezilī thinkers while creating his understanding of ḫavāṭır. In addition, his thought of observance and his ideas on human nature are explained through the concept of ḫavāṭır. In addition, in this study, it was determined what kind of a method al-Muḥāṭibī developed against the conceptual confusion caused by expressions similar to ḫavāṭır, and what the responsibility and epistemological value of the individual is towards the ḫavāṭır that comes to his heart. Finally, the groups that al-Muḥāsibī was opposed to and in agreement with within the scope of the issue of ḫavāṭır were identified. Scholars in the field of Ṣūfism, Kalām, and Philosophy have dealt with the concept of khawāṭir with different forms of understanding since the third century. Ḥārith al-Muḥāsibī (d. 243/857) examines it based on the thought of al-riʿāyah on moral and practical grounds. During his lifetime, the fact that some people based their actions on the information they obtained through subjective experiences caused a crisis. In addition, the use of many expressions such as dāʿī/davāʿī, ʿāriḍ, waswasa, nazgh/nazaghāt, hadith an-nafs, ilhām, ḥikma and maʿrifa to convey this information also caused conceptual confusion. Al-Muḥāsibī develops a systematic and holistic understanding of khawāṭir as a key concept to overcome these crises that hinder the establishment of Sufism as a science of religion. Thus, he builds the knowledge method of Sufism, which is on the way to becoming a religious science, through an understanding based on the Qurʾan and Sunna. In this study, I first examined the historical adventure in which the concept of khawāṭir began to be used in religious sciences to question the originality of this understanding developed by al-Muḥāsibī. At the same time, I discussed whether al-Muḥāsibī was influenced by Philosophers and Mutakallimūn while forming his understanding of khawāṭir. In addition to this, I explained his ideas about obedience and human nature through the concept of khawāṭir. Moreover, I determined what kind of a method al-Muḥāsibī has developed against the confusion of concepts caused by expressions similar to khawāṭir, and what is the responsibility and epistemological value of the khawāṭir that comes to the heart. Finally, to reveal the main factor behind al-Muḥāsibī's writings on the concept of khawāṭir, I have identified groups that he disagrees with and agrees with.
Detaylı Başlık
Tasavvufun Teşekkül Sürecinde Anahtar Bir Kavram Olarak Ḫavāṭır: El-Ḥāris̠ el-Muḥāsibī’nin Yaklaşımı
