Author
Osman Nuri Demir
Publication Place
Hits University -
Hits University
Subject
Hittite Journal of Theology, 2023-06, Vol.22 (1), p.169-198
Type
Book
Language
ara,tur
Digital
Yes
Manuscript
No
Library
Leitir Library
Library Asset ID
EISSN: 2757-6949, DOI: 10.14395/hid.1251911
Record ID
cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_610b4556bc664ccf919fc33709b42f63
Library Location
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals (WRLC)
Notes
Theories of mind have an impact on the act of thinking, all activities carried out on this axis and, accordingly, all subsequent actions. Individuals or societies often plan and carry out the actions they design, knowingly or unknowingly, within the framework of the dominant theory of reason and tradition of thought. Therefore, for humanity, the nature, location and functions of the mind are as important as the meanings and concepts attributed to or separated from the mind and the quality of reasoning. In this context, one of the issues that is worth examining and that has been and continues to be researched in many aspects throughout the course of time extending from the history of thought to the present is the relationship between reason and morality. First of all, it should be stated that, unlike similar ones, this article aims to make a comparison between Mu'tazila rationalism and Enlightenment reason on the basis of the reason-morality relationship. In this context, the study evaluated the effects and consequences of theories of mind and thoughts on the relationship between reason and morality on the evolution of humanity. In the research, the promising or destructive effects of alternative intellectual structures, theories of mind and approaches to the relationship between reason and morality on behalf of the human species and other living things are emphasized. The mentioned issues reveal some of the original and contributing aspects of this study, along with similar ones. It is obvious that there are difficulties arising from the existence of very different meanings and interpretations attributed to the concepts of reason and morality in terms of religious, philosophical traditions and philology. Of course, aiming for a comparative analysis means taking on additional difficulties in terms of researching the issue. However, the importance of the position occupied by theories of mind and the perspective of the mind-morality relationship in terms of individuals, social life, states and international relations, and moreover, connections with the metaphysical world, makes such comparisons useful and inevitable. Taking all these issues into consideration, in this study, one of them is the Islamic thought in particular theological schools; Two basic thought formations were selected, the other to represent Western philosophy, and the ideas they put forward about the mind-morality relationship and their results were examined in outline on the axis of the theories of mind produced by these traditions of thought. The first of these is the Mu'tazila thought, also known as the "rationalists of Islam", and the other is the Enlightenment philosophy, which symbolizes the Enlightenment thought, also known as the "age of reason". Different factors played a role in choosing Mu'tazila and the Enlightenment philosophy as the specified period and school. The first thing that stands out among these factors is; Although both thought practices are very different from each other in terms of content, meaning, nature and philosophy, they meet on the denominator of "rationality". Although this was not the main purpose, one of the results that emerged throughout the article was that the understandings of reason of both schools are in deep divergence in terms of the basic paradigm. Comparisons have been made between both traditions of thought in terms of the objective or instrumental dimension of theories of mind, the existence/absence of connection between mind and the metaphysical world, whether reason can be independent from morality, and the experiences that the ideas and claims put forward in these fields ultimately provide to humanity. On the other hand, it is emphasized that in the process extending from the Enlightenment to modern times and today, today's people have personally experienced the effects of the Enlightenment, but have remained far from implementing the positive or negative consequences of the mind-morality relationship idealized in the context of the theory of reason proposed by Mu'tazila. In this context, the study asks, "If the application of the views on the mind-morality relationship proposed by Mu'tazila or the world of thought it represents were possible today; would it make possible a founding and transformative position on the current conjuncture, or what kind of results would this lead to?" An effort has been made to find answers to such questions. Finally, the potential of the things promised by Mu'tazila and the Enlightenment philosophy within the framework of the mind-morality relationship and their consequences in real life are discussed. The mentioned traditions of thought were compared based on the current situation of the world, nature, human structure and common and fundamental values that are valuable to humanity in the current environment.
Detaylı Başlık
Mu‘tezile Akılcılığı ve Aydınlanma Aklı: Akıl ve Ahlâk İlişkisi Temelinde Bir Mukayese
