Author
KÜÇÜK, Sezai, RAHMANİ, Zabihullah
Publication Place
Gaziantep University -
Gaziantep University
Subject
Theology Academy, 2023-12 (18), p.223-257
Type
Book
Language
ara,eng
Digital
Yes
Manuscript
No
Library
Leitir Library
Library Asset ID
ISSN: 2149-3979, DOI: 10.52886/ilak.1346422
Record ID
cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_97ce6baf0e964646b60a36195b1326d6
Library Location
DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals)
Notes
In this article, after focusing on the life and Sufi personality of Hakîm Senâî-yi Gaznevî (d. 525/1131 [?]), the concept of "man", one of the important subjects of Sufism, and the apparent and external aspects of man are discussed in his famous works on Sufism, Hadîkatü'l-hakîka and Şerî'atü't-tarîka, written in Persian. It will be tried to determine his thoughts about the structure of the intestine (body-soul/soul-heart). Hakîm Senâî-yi Ghaznavi was born in Ghazni, Afghanistan, and died in this city at the age of sixty. Hakîm Senâî brought a different spirit to literature by bringing Sufi issues to the world of poetry for the first time, and in this respect, he is accepted as the founder and pioneer of the Sufi masnavi style. Great Sufi poets who lived after him, such as Ferîdüddin-i Attâr, Mevlânâ Celâleddîn-i Rûmî, Sa'dî-i Şîrâzî and Abdurrahmân-ı Câmî, were also influenced by him and continued this style. Hakîm Senâî-yi Gaznevi's work named Hadîkatü'l-hakîka consists of 10,000 couplets and is also known as İlâhînâme and Fahrînâme. The work, written in the Masnavi style, is an encyclopedia of Sufism and is a source that includes tafsir, hadith, fiqh, kalam, wisdom, logic, philosophy, history and literature. One of the important issues emphasized by Hakîm Senâî, who expressed many Sufi subjects in his work, was "human". In this study, based on the couplets, the structure of the human being is emphasized and the titles "soul, heart/heart, body/body, soul, mind and love" are included. While discussing the concepts, firstly general information about each of them was presented from Sufi sources, then the relevant couplets from Hadîkatü'l-hakîka, which is the main source of the research, were identified and translated into today's Turkish and the couplets were interpreted. For example; After giving general information about the concept of soul under the title of soul, the couplets related to the subject identified from the work in question were classified and interpreted. Issues such as the source of the soul, its relationship with the body, and its function in the human body are discussed. Similarly, in the couplets about the concept of the heart, there are definitions such as the sultan of the human body, the divine position, the source of God's love and light, the center of the soul, the foundation of the mysteries of the Quran, the position of monotheism, the source of faith, the center of religion, as well as couplets in Hakîm Senâî's work that express the place and importance of some functions and features of the heart in humans. were identified and explained. The article focuses more on the concept of soul. After general information about nafis is presented, couplets related to this concept in Hadîkatü'l-hakîka are included within the limits of the article. Then, aspects such as desire, desire, arrogance, pride and selfishness are illuminated with various couplets. Likewise, the concepts of love and mind in Hadîkatü'l-hakîka have been tried to be explained with couplets. Hakîm Senâî's descriptions and praises about love, his ideas and thoughts, and his remarkable definitions that have not been found in other sources talking about love have been identified. Regarding the concept of mind, the author says in his poems: "It is both a jewel and a metal, God's messenger and guardian in the human body." definitions and "Love cannot fit into reason and feelings, therefore only the owner knows what love is." The descriptions and explanations were interpreted as follows. Hakîm Senâî compares the human body to a house in the couplets in Hadîkatü'l-hakîka. According to him, soul, body, heart, love, mind and soul are the individuals resident in this house. But the commanding soul, which is fond of pleasure and taste, is the thief of this house of existence. Because of its exquisite lust, it tends to cloud the heart, mind and soul. The soul has negative habits such as arrogance, pride, envy, ambition, grudge, hatred, wrath, ambition, lust, intolerance, gossip, animalistic desires, greed, whim and desire. He is trying to turn these into action. In addition to his delicious theft, he is like a dog that bites at any time and a mouse that cheats. In the realm of existence, two separate rulers, consisting of soul and spirit, are struggling with each other in their love of sultanate. If love enlightens the heart as knowledge enlightens the mind, then the soul becomes the ruler in the house of the body. Man finds the truth by reaching the purpose of creation. With all these analogies and observations, Hakîm Senâî points out the path of how humans can reach perfection. In this article, after focusing on the life and Ṣūfī personality of Ḥakīm Sanāʾī Ghaznawī (d. 525/1131 [?]), efforts will be made to determine the concept of "human", which is one of the essential subjects of Ṣūfism, and the ideas he put forward about the ẓāhir and bāṭin (body-nafs/spirit-heart) structure of human being in his most important work on Ṣūfism, Ḥadīqat al-ḥaqīqa wa sharīʿat aṭ-ṭariqa, which he wrote in Persian. Ḥakīm Sanāʾī Ghaznawī was born in Ghaznī, Afghanistan and died in this city at the age of sixty. Sanāʾī brought Ṣūfī issues to the world of poetry for the first time, by introducing a different spirit to literature, and was accepted as the founder and pioneer of the Ṣūfī mathnawī style. Great poems and poets who lived after him, such as Farīd al-Dīn ʿAṭṭār, Mawlānā Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī, Saʿdī Shīrāzī and ʿAbd al-Rahmān Jāmī, were influenced by him and continued this style. Ḥakīm Sanāʾī Ghaznawī's Ḥadīqat al-ḥaqīqa consists of 10,000 couplets and is also known as Elāhi-nāma and Fakhri-nāma. The work is a kind of encyclopaedia of Ṣūfism in the genre of mathnawī, and it is also a source that includes tafsir, hadith, fiqh, theology, wisdom, logic, philosophy, history and literature. One of the essential subjects that Ḥakīm Sanāʾī, who expressed many Ṣūfistic subjects in his work, emphasized was "human". In this study, based on the couplets, the structure of the human being is discussed, and the titles of spirit, heart/soul, body, nafs, mind and love are included. While discussing the concepts, general information about each idea is presented from Sufi sources. And then, relevant couplets from Ḥadīqat al-ḥaqīqa, which is the primary source of the research, are identified and transferred to today's Turkish and the couplets are interpreted. For instance, after general giving information about the concept of the soul under the title of soul, the relevant couplets identified from the work in question were classified and interpreted. Issues such as the source of the soul, its relationship with the body, and its function in the human body are discussed. In the same way, the definitions such as the sultan of the human body, maqām al-elāhī, the source of God's love and light, the center of the soul, the foundation of the Qur'ān, the position of tawhîd, the source of faith, the center of religion related to the spiritual heart as well as the couplets from Ḥakīm Sanāʾī's work expressing some of the functions and features of the heart/spiritual heart, and its place and importance in human beings have been identified and interpreted. One of the most widely emphasized concepts in the article is the concept of nafs. After presenting general information about the nafs, the couplets from Hadīkat al-ḥaqīqa defining this concept are included within the limitations of the article. Then, its aspects such as desire, lust, arrogance, pride and selfishness are enlightened with various couplets. The concepts of love and intellect, have also been tried to be explained with the couplets of Hadīkat al-ḥaqīqa. Ḥakīm Sanāʾī's descriptions and praises, ideas and thoughts about love, and remarkable definitions of the characteristics of love that are not found in other sources have been identified. Regarding the concept of intellect, the author's descriptions of "it is both a jewel and a mine, both the messenger and the guardian of Allah in the human body" in his poems and his descriptions and expressions such as "Love does not fit into intellect and feelings, so only the owner knows what love is" has been interpreted. The couplets in Ḥadīqat al-ḥaqīqa emphasize the poet's liking of the human body to a house. According to him the soul, body, heart, love, intellect, and nafs reside in this house. But the nafs-i emmâre, fond of pleasure and flavour, is the thief of this body house. The nafs cloud the heart, mind and soul because of their lustfulness. The nafs has negative habits such as arrogance, pride, envy, greed, ambition, hatred, wrath, passion, lust, intolerance, gossip, animal desires, covetousness, whim and fancy. He endears to turn these into deeds. Besides the theft of the nafs, it is like a dog that bites every moment and a mouse that cheats. In the property of the body, two separate sovereigns consisting of nafs and souls are in a state of struggle with each other for the sake of sovereignty. If the mind is enlightened by knowledge and the heart is enlightened by love, then the soul becomes the ruler in the house of the body. Man, too, finds the truth (al-ḥaqīqa) by reaching the purpose of his creation. With all these analogies and observations, Hakīm Senāʾī points out the path to human perfection.
Detaylı Başlık
Hakîm Senâî-yi Gaznevî’nin (ö. 525/1131 [?]) Hadîkatü’l-hakîka İsimli Eserinde İnsan
