Author
KAVAK, Fadime
Publication Place
University of Afyon Kocatepe -
University of Afyon Kocatepe
Subject
Arabic language, Person, Verb
Type
kitap
Language
ara,eng
Digital
Yes
Manuscript
No
Library
Leitir Library
Library Asset ID
ISSN: 2757-8399, EISSN: 2757-8399, DOI: 10.52637/kiid.1060170
Record ID
cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_5ea4501518a04ac7bcfdb9b522636be6
Library Location
DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals)
Notes
As in every language, verbs, which are one of the basic building blocks of sentences in the Arabic language, are words that express action and occurrence along with person and time. In Arabic, the agents of verbs can be injectives within the verb, or they can be a pronoun that abuts the verb. Or it can be included in the sentence as an apparent noun or infinitive that comes after the verb. When looked at in terms of the meaning they refer to the agents that have an important place in Arabic syntax, these words; They are largely persons or pronouns used instead of persons. Sometimes it appears as the name of meaning, inanimate object, plant and animal name, or natural events and meteorological conditions. However, there are some verbs whose perpetrators can never be persons, and only the absent verb and the unseen third person pronoun "he" are used as personal pronouns. This pronoun does not refer to the person who is "person". Because the perpetrator in these acts; meaning nouns, infinitives or concepts describing plants, animals and inanimate beings. When we look at the works of both classical and modern linguists, it is noteworthy that such a classification is not made regarding the agent. Nowadays, 'Alâ İsmâ'îl el-Hamzâvî, who works in the field of linguistics, made a study on this subject and termed the verbs with impersonal agents in the Arabic language under the name "ef'âl lâ Şahsiyye" (أَفْعَالٌ لَاشَخْصِيَّةٌ). While the perpetrators of some of these verbs can never be persons, the perpetrators of some of them can only be persons when they are used in a figurative sense. For example, “to be necessary” (اِنْبَغَى - يَنْبَغِي) and (وَجَبَ - يَجِبُ), “to be appropriate” (جَدُرَ - يَجْدُرُ), “to be possible” (أَمْكَنَ - يُمْكِنُ), “to occur” (حَدَثَ – يَحْدُثُ), “to emerge” (اِتَّضَحَ – يَتَّضِحُ), “to be easy” (سَهُلَ – يَسْهُلُ), “to be difficult” (صَعُبَ – يَصْعُبُ), “to include, to include” (شَمِلَ – يَشْمَلُ), “to be large” (وَسُعَ - يَوْسُعُ), “to come on time” (حَانَ – يَحِينُ), “to be complete” (تَمَّ – يَتِمُّ), “to be impossible” (اِسْتَحَالَ – يَسْتَحِيلُ), “to disappear” (اِضْمَحَلَّ – يَضْمَحِلُّ) and “to go in vain” (حَبِطَ – يَحْبَطُ) or the sun rising (شَرَقَ – يَشْرُقُ), setting (غَرَبَ - يَغْرُبُ), darkening of the night (غَسَقَ - يَغْسِقُ), eclipse of the sun and moon (كَسَفَ – يَكْسِفُ), (خَسَفَ – يَخْسِفُ), the strong blowing of the wind (عَصَفَ - يَعْصِفُ) or “barking” (نَبَح - يَنْبَحُ), “meowing” (مَاءَ – The perpetrators of verbs used to express animal sounds such as يَـمُوءُ) cannot be individuals. Therefore, such verbs cannot be conjugated with pronouns other than (هُوَ) and (هي), which are the pronouns of the unseen and the unseen. In addition, the perpetrators of verbs such as those expressing praise (حَبَّذَا) and those used to express praise (لَا حَبَّذَا) can never be persons. Because these verbs consist of the past verb (حَبَّ) and the nominal sign (ذَا). Its agents are always the sign of the name (ذَا) adjacent to it. Apart from these, (طَالَمَا - كَثُرَمَا – قَصُرَمَا – شَدَّمَا – قَلَّمَا - The perpetrators of verbs such as عَزَّمَا) cannot be persons. In this article, first of all, the verb and the perpetrator will be briefly mentioned; Afterwards, the verbs will be categorized according to whether the agent is a person or whether they are both a person and a noun of meaning and entity, and they will also be discussed and examined in terms of their usage in the sentence. In the final analysis, in the Holy Quran, which is the holy book of Muslims and the primary reference of Arabic philology, the acts whose perpetrator is definitely not a person will be discussed one by one, explanations will be made regarding the agency status of the acts, and as many verses exemplifying the subject will be quoted as possible. Likewise, the acts whose perpetrator is not a person in the Qur'an, but whose perpetrator is likely to be a person in some uses outside the text of the Qur'an, will be pointed out with reference to the relevant verses, and the perpetrators of these verbs will be tried to be explained. Verbs, which are one of the cornerstones of the Arabic sentences, usually signify a certain time and are used together with their subjects. The subject can be hidden in the verb, or it can be as a pronoun adjacent to the verb. It can also be included in the sentence as an apparent noun or “masdar muawwal” after the verb. When we look at the subjects, which also have an important place in Arabic syntax in terms of meaning, they are persons' names or the pronouns used mostly instead of persons. Sometimes it appears as an abstract noun, inanimate object, plant and animal name, and natural events and meteorological situations. However, there are some verbs whose agents can never be a person, and only the third person pronoun "هو - هي" is used as a personal pronoun with such verbs. This pronoun also does not refer to the person. Because in these verbs, the subject becomes an abstract noun, an infinitive form of a verb or a concept that describes plants, animals and inanimate beings. When we look at the works of both previous and modern linguists, no such classification has been made about the perpetrator. Today, 'Alâ Ismâ'îl al-Hamzâvî, who works in the field of linguistics, made a study on this subject and termed the impersonal verbs in the Arabic language with the name (أَفْعَالٌ لَاشَخْصِيَّةٌ). While the subjects of some of these verbs can never be persons, some of them can only be persons when they are used in a figurative sense. For example, the subjects of the following verbs cannot be persons: “to be neccessary” (اِنْبَغَى - يَنْبَغِي), ( وَجَبَ - يَجِبُ), “to be worth” (جَدُرَ - يَجْدُرُ), “to be possible” (أَمْكَنَ - يُمْكِنُ), “to happen, happen” (حَدَثَ – يَحْدُثُ), “to become clear” (اِتَّضَحَ – يَتَّضِحُ), “to be easy” (سَهُلَ – يَسْهُلُ), “to be difficult” (صَعُبَ – يَصْعُبُ), “to contain” (شَمِلَ – يَشْمَلُ), “to be broad” (وَسُعَ- يَوْسُعُ), “to be completed ” (تَمَّ – يَتِمُّ), “to be impossible” (اِسْتَحَالَ – يَسْتَحِيلُ), “to disappear” (اِضْمَحَلَّ – يَضْمَحِلُّ) and “to be wasted” (حَبِطَ – يَحْبَطُ), or sunrise (شَرَقَ – يَشْرُقُ), sunset (غَرَبَ - يَغْرُبُ), the darkening of the night (غَسَقَ - يَغْسِقُ), to eclipse of the sun and moon (كَسَفَ – يَكْسِفُ), (خَسَفَ – يَخْسِفُ), blowing of the wind (عَصَفَ - يَعْصِفُ) or “to bark” (نَبَح- يَنْبَحُ), “to meow” (مَاءَ – يَـمُوءُ). Therefore, they cannot be inflected with pronouns other than (هوَ) and (هي), which are third-person pronouns. In addition, the subjects of the verbs that express praising (حَبَّذَا) and dispraising (لَا حَبَّذَا) can never be individuals. Because these verbs consist of the past verb (حَبَّ) and the ism-i şâra “demonstative pronoun” (ذَا). Its subjects are always the ism-i isâra (ذَا) adjacent to it. Apart from all these, the subjects of verbs such as (طَالَمَا - كَثُرَمَا – قَصُرَمَا – شَدَّمَا – قَلَّمَا - عَزَّمَا) that combine with (ما) kaffe at the end, cannot be individuals either. In this article, first of all, the verb and the subject in Arabic will be briefly mentioned; Afterwards, noun or entity name will be noted and will also be examined in terms of their usage in sentences. Later, in the Qur'an, which is the holy book of Muslims and the primary reference of Arabic philology, the verbs whose subject cannot be a person will be discussed one by one. The explanations will be made about the subjects of the verbs, and eventually, plenty of quotations will be made from the verses exemplifying the subject. In the same way, the verbs whose subject is not a person in the Qur'an and whose subject is likely to be a person in some uses other than the Qur'an will be pointed out concerning to the relevant verses and finally it will be explained what the subjects of these verbs are.
Detaylı Başlık
Arap Dilinde Fâili “Şahıs Olmayan” Fiiller -Kur’ân-ı Kerîm Örneği
