Muslim-Non-Muslim Relations in the Context of Neighborhood in 18th Century Istanbul

Name: Muslim-Non-Muslim Relations in the Context of Neighborhood in 18th Century Istanbul
Author: KARAOSMAN, M. Tarık, DOLU, Alaattin

Title	Muslim-Non-Muslim Relations in the Context of Neighborhood in 18th Century Istanbul
Author	KARAOSMAN, M. Tarık, DOLU, Alaattin
Publication Place	University of Afyon Kocatepe - University of Afyon Kocatepe
Subject	Kocatepe Islamic Sciences magazine: (Online), 2023-06, Vol.6 (1), p.83-110
Type	kitap
Language	ara,eng
Digital	Yes
Manuscript	No
Library:	Leitir Library
Library Asset ID	ISSN: 2757-8399, EISSN: 2757-8399, DOI: 10.52637/kiid.1274917
Record ID	cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_7548198a548647bd84463a55376b728c
Library Location	DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
Notes	This study examines the relations between non-Muslims and Muslims living in Istanbul neighborhoods in the 18th century, on the axis of neighborhood. The determination of these relations was carried out through Istanbul Ahkam Books and Istanbul Sharia Registers. It is estimated that five hundred thousand people lived in Istanbul in the 18th century. The proportion of non-Muslims in this population is approximately 42%, according to the poll document count in 1740. According to the tribute revenues of 1776, this rate is 28%. In Istanbul, factors such as religious and ethnic affiliation or being in the same line of business and belonging to a certain group have brought the neighborhood together. Muslims and non-Muslims continued their lives within the framework of this affiliation. Thus, the concepts of neighborhood and community intersect with each other. As a result, neighborhoods defined as Armenian, Greek, Latin, Christian and Jewish were formed in Istanbul. While the Ottoman city developed over time by gaining its own unique features, the 17th and 18th centuries are the periods when these features were most evident. This situation, which is also reflected in the Ottoman neighborhoods, is important in terms of exemplifying the relations between communities. Because during this period, there were many places in Istanbul neighborhoods where mixed life was observed. However, there were some limits to the residence of non-Muslims in Muslim neighborhoods. While these borders emerged as a result of cultural and religious differences, they also physically determined the boundaries of the neighborhoods. Studies on the awareness of responsibility and the social control function of the neighborhood in Ottoman neighborhoods have mostly been examined by Muslims. In this study, while discussing the neighborhood relations of non-Muslims, the issue of their expulsion from Muslim neighborhoods is touched upon. Thus, it was examined how the rules and regulations in the neighborhoods affected Muslim-non-Muslim relations in Istanbul. The attitude of the neighborhood residents in these relations, the understanding they adopted and the reflection of this understanding on non-Muslims are explained with examples from archive sources. As a matter of fact, from the perspective of the neighborhood residents, people's good behavior and trustworthiness were equated with being under the roof of the same temple. For this reason, the position of non-Muslims living in Muslim neighborhoods or around or near mosques/masjids was considered as a limit both for ensuring social order and for the decrease in the mosque community. The bail system implemented between neighbors to ensure social order in Ottoman cities encouraged them to act together against all kinds of immoral and security threats. The authority received from the authority by law has brought out the awareness of responsibility in the neighborhood. Those who deviated from this system were expelled from the neighborhood or the place they belonged to, on the grounds that they harmed the sense of responsibility and the public order of the neighborhood. This need for solidarity, which develops around the same place of worship for the residents of the neighborhood, as the smallest administrative unit, is necessary to preserve social life. This situation was shaped by people's desire to live together with their co-religionists or communities. Additionally, in Ottoman cities, the neighborhood responsibilities of non-Muslims and Muslims exhibited similar behaviors. In fact, solidarity between neighborhoods was shown against those who disrupted the order of the neighborhood. By ensuring the social order among the neighborhood residents under the leadership of the neighborhood or community leader, it could be determined whether people were in bad or good health. There were many forms of being in a state of disrepair for the residents and administrators. The cost of this could be requested by the neighborhood residents as expulsion from the neighborhood. Thus, the law makes the people living in the neighborhood mutual guarantors and ensures that those who are in a bad situation are expelled from the neighborhood and punished. As a result, this study questions the position of non-Muslims in the Muslim neighborhood and examines the state of affairs in the neighborhood from various aspects. This study deals with the relations between non-Muslims and Muslims, who lived in Istanbul neighborhoods in the 18th century, on the axis of neighborhoodness. The determination of these relations was carried out through the Istanbul Ahkam Registers and the Istanbul Court Registers. It is estimated that 500 thousand people lived in Istanbul in the 18th century. The estimated rate of non-Muslims in this population is around 42%, according to the census of the taxpayer papers in 1740. According to the tribute income of 1776, this rate is 28%. Factors such as religious and ethnic affiliation or being subject to the same industry and a certain group have contributed to the formation of Istanbul neighborhoods. Muslims and non-Muslims continued their lives within the framework of this affiliation. Thus, the concept of neighborhood and community interact with each other. As a result, neighborhoods that were described as Armenian, Greek, Latin or Christian and Jewish were formed in Istanbul. While the Ottoman city developed by gaining its own characteristics over time, the 17th and 18th centuries were the periods when these features were most evident. This situation, which is also reflected in the Ottoman neighborhoods, is important in terms of exemplifying inter-communal relations. In this period, there were many places where mixed life was seen in Istanbul neighborhoods. However, there were some limits to the residence of non-Muslims in Muslim quarters. While these borders emerged as a result of cultural and religious differences, they also determined the boundaries of the neighborhoods physically. Studies on the sense of responsibility and the social control function of the inhabitants in the Ottoman neighborhoods were mostly examined by Muslims. In this study, while discussing the neighborhood relations of non-Muslims, the issue of their expulsion from Muslim neighborhoods is also addressed. Thus, it was examined how the rules in the neighborhoods affected the Muslim-non-Muslim relations in Istanbul. The attitudes of the neighbors in these relations, the understanding they adopted and the reflection of this understanding on non-Muslims are explained with examples from archive sources. As a matter of fact, the good behavior of the people and whether they were reliable or not could be equated with being under the roof of the same temple. For this reason, the position of non-Muslims living in Muslim neighborhoods or around or near a mosque/masjid has been considered as a border both to ensure social order and to decrease the mosque community. The surety system between neighbors in order to ensure the social order of the neighborhoods in Ottoman cities prompted them to act together against all kinds of immoral and security threats. The awareness of responsibility in the neighborhood has been formed with the authority taken from the law. Those who went out of this system were explored from the neighborhood or the place to which they belonged, on the grounds that they harmed the awareness of responsibility and the security of the neighborhood. For the residents of the neighborhood as the smallest administrative unit, this need for solidarity, which develops around the same place of worship, is necessary to preserve social life. This situation was shaped by people's desire to live with their co-religionists or community. In addition, in Ottoman cities, non-Muslims and Muslims have similar behaviors as neighborhood residents. There was even solidarity between the neighborhoods against who disrupted the neighborhood order. Under the leadership of the neighborhood or community leader, it was possible to determine whether people were in weal or misdemeanor by ensuring the social order among the neighborhood people. There were many aspects of being in misdemeanor for local residents and rulers. The punishment of this could be demanded by the neighborhood as expulsion from the neighborhood. Thus, the law makes the people living in the neighborhood jointly and severally guarantors for each other and ensures that the misdemeanants are expelled from the neighborhood and punished. As a result, this study examines the misdemeanors in the neighborhoods from various perspectives while questioning the position of non-Muslims in the Muslim neighborhood.
Detaylı Başlık	18. Yüzyıl İstanbul’unda Mahallelilik Bağlamında Müslim-Gayrimüslim İlişkileri

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Muslim-Non-Muslim Relations in the Context of Neighborhood in 18th Century Istanbul

Author KARAOSMAN, M. Tarık, DOLU, Alaattin

Publication Place University of Afyon Kocatepe - University of Afyon Kocatepe

Subject Kocatepe Islamic Sciences magazine: (Online), 2023-06, Vol.6 (1), p.83-110

Type kitap

Language ara,eng

Digital Yes

Manuscript No

Library Leitir Library

Library Asset ID ISSN: 2757-8399, EISSN: 2757-8399, DOI: 10.52637/kiid.1274917

Record ID cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_7548198a548647bd84463a55376b728c

Library Location DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals

Notes This study examines the relations between non-Muslims and Muslims living in Istanbul neighborhoods in the 18th century, on the axis of neighborhood. The determination of these relations was carried out through Istanbul Ahkam Books and Istanbul Sharia Registers. It is estimated that five hundred thousand people lived in Istanbul in the 18th century. The proportion of non-Muslims in this population is approximately 42%, according to the poll document count in 1740. According to the tribute revenues of 1776, this rate is 28%. In Istanbul, factors such as religious and ethnic affiliation or being in the same line of business and belonging to a certain group have brought the neighborhood together. Muslims and non-Muslims continued their lives within the framework of this affiliation. Thus, the concepts of neighborhood and community intersect with each other. As a result, neighborhoods defined as Armenian, Greek, Latin, Christian and Jewish were formed in Istanbul. While the Ottoman city developed over time by gaining its own unique features, the 17th and 18th centuries are the periods when these features were most evident. This situation, which is also reflected in the Ottoman neighborhoods, is important in terms of exemplifying the relations between communities. Because during this period, there were many places in Istanbul neighborhoods where mixed life was observed. However, there were some limits to the residence of non-Muslims in Muslim neighborhoods. While these borders emerged as a result of cultural and religious differences, they also physically determined the boundaries of the neighborhoods. Studies on the awareness of responsibility and the social control function of the neighborhood in Ottoman neighborhoods have mostly been examined by Muslims. In this study, while discussing the neighborhood relations of non-Muslims, the issue of their expulsion from Muslim neighborhoods is touched upon. Thus, it was examined how the rules and regulations in the neighborhoods affected Muslim-non-Muslim relations in Istanbul. The attitude of the neighborhood residents in these relations, the understanding they adopted and the reflection of this understanding on non-Muslims are explained with examples from archive sources. As a matter of fact, from the perspective of the neighborhood residents, people's good behavior and trustworthiness were equated with being under the roof of the same temple. For this reason, the position of non-Muslims living in Muslim neighborhoods or around or near mosques/masjids was considered as a limit both for ensuring social order and for the decrease in the mosque community. The bail system implemented between neighbors to ensure social order in Ottoman cities encouraged them to act together against all kinds of immoral and security threats. The authority received from the authority by law has brought out the awareness of responsibility in the neighborhood. Those who deviated from this system were expelled from the neighborhood or the place they belonged to, on the grounds that they harmed the sense of responsibility and the public order of the neighborhood. This need for solidarity, which develops around the same place of worship for the residents of the neighborhood, as the smallest administrative unit, is necessary to preserve social life. This situation was shaped by people's desire to live together with their co-religionists or communities. Additionally, in Ottoman cities, the neighborhood responsibilities of non-Muslims and Muslims exhibited similar behaviors. In fact, solidarity between neighborhoods was shown against those who disrupted the order of the neighborhood. By ensuring the social order among the neighborhood residents under the leadership of the neighborhood or community leader, it could be determined whether people were in bad or good health. There were many forms of being in a state of disrepair for the residents and administrators. The cost of this could be requested by the neighborhood residents as expulsion from the neighborhood. Thus, the law makes the people living in the neighborhood mutual guarantors and ensures that those who are in a bad situation are expelled from the neighborhood and punished. As a result, this study questions the position of non-Muslims in the Muslim neighborhood and examines the state of affairs in the neighborhood from various aspects. This study deals with the relations between non-Muslims and Muslims, who lived in Istanbul neighborhoods in the 18th century, on the axis of neighborhoodness. The determination of these relations was carried out through the Istanbul Ahkam Registers and the Istanbul Court Registers. It is estimated that 500 thousand people lived in Istanbul in the 18th century. The estimated rate of non-Muslims in this population is around 42%, according to the census of the taxpayer papers in 1740. According to the tribute income of 1776, this rate is 28%. Factors such as religious and ethnic affiliation or being subject to the same industry and a certain group have contributed to the formation of Istanbul neighborhoods. Muslims and non-Muslims continued their lives within the framework of this affiliation. Thus, the concept of neighborhood and community interact with each other. As a result, neighborhoods that were described as Armenian, Greek, Latin or Christian and Jewish were formed in Istanbul. While the Ottoman city developed by gaining its own characteristics over time, the 17th and 18th centuries were the periods when these features were most evident. This situation, which is also reflected in the Ottoman neighborhoods, is important in terms of exemplifying inter-communal relations. In this period, there were many places where mixed life was seen in Istanbul neighborhoods. However, there were some limits to the residence of non-Muslims in Muslim quarters. While these borders emerged as a result of cultural and religious differences, they also determined the boundaries of the neighborhoods physically. Studies on the sense of responsibility and the social control function of the inhabitants in the Ottoman neighborhoods were mostly examined by Muslims. In this study, while discussing the neighborhood relations of non-Muslims, the issue of their expulsion from Muslim neighborhoods is also addressed. Thus, it was examined how the rules in the neighborhoods affected the Muslim-non-Muslim relations in Istanbul. The attitudes of the neighbors in these relations, the understanding they adopted and the reflection of this understanding on non-Muslims are explained with examples from archive sources. As a matter of fact, the good behavior of the people and whether they were reliable or not could be equated with being under the roof of the same temple. For this reason, the position of non-Muslims living in Muslim neighborhoods or around or near a mosque/masjid has been considered as a border both to ensure social order and to decrease the mosque community. The surety system between neighbors in order to ensure the social order of the neighborhoods in Ottoman cities prompted them to act together against all kinds of immoral and security threats. The awareness of responsibility in the neighborhood has been formed with the authority taken from the law. Those who went out of this system were explored from the neighborhood or the place to which they belonged, on the grounds that they harmed the awareness of responsibility and the security of the neighborhood. For the residents of the neighborhood as the smallest administrative unit, this need for solidarity, which develops around the same place of worship, is necessary to preserve social life. This situation was shaped by people's desire to live with their co-religionists or community. In addition, in Ottoman cities, non-Muslims and Muslims have similar behaviors as neighborhood residents. There was even solidarity between the neighborhoods against who disrupted the neighborhood order. Under the leadership of the neighborhood or community leader, it was possible to determine whether people were in weal or misdemeanor by ensuring the social order among the neighborhood people. There were many aspects of being in misdemeanor for local residents and rulers. The punishment of this could be demanded by the neighborhood as expulsion from the neighborhood. Thus, the law makes the people living in the neighborhood jointly and severally guarantors for each other and ensures that the misdemeanants are expelled from the neighborhood and punished. As a result, this study examines the misdemeanors in the neighborhoods from various perspectives while questioning the position of non-Muslims in the Muslim neighborhood.

Detaylı Başlık 18. Yüzyıl İstanbul’unda Mahallelilik Bağlamında Müslim-Gayrimüslim İlişkileri