Gravestones in the Ottoman Tombs in Konya

Name: Gravestones in the Ottoman Tombs in Konya
Author: TURKISH, Hümeyra, BLACK, Hacer

Title	Gravestones in the Ottoman Tombs in Konya
Author	TURKISH, Hümeyra, BLACK, Hacer
Publication Place	Hits University - Hits University
Subject	Hittite Journal of Theology, 2021-12, Vol.20 (2), p.835-876
Type	kitap
Language	ara,eng,tur
Digital	Yes
Manuscript	No
Library:	Leitir Library
Library Asset ID	ISSN: 2757-6949, EISSN: 2757-6949, DOI: 10.14395/hid.983005
Record ID	cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_3ef353bc9f534c0bb32cd848d68ee328
Library Location	DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
Notes	The subject of this research is the tombstones in the Ottoman tombs in Konya. In Turkish art, monumental tomb architecture and tombstones made in various forms have always maintained their importance by researchers. In Turkish-Islamic art, the Karakhanids, Ghaznavids and Great Seljuks built many monumental tombs. This tradition was continued after the Turks came to Anatolia. In Konya, importance was given to the construction of tombs and tombs during the Seljuk, Principality and Ottoman periods. In this context, within the scope of our research, eight tombs containing tombstones in various forms and which we can date to the Ottoman period were identified in Konya. Although six of these tombs exist today, two have disappeared. Four of the existing tombs are Hürrem Pasha Tomb, Mehmet Bey Tomb, Sinan Pasha Tomb and Fatma Hatun Tomb, located in the garden of Mevlana Museum. Sheikh Muhammed Bahaeddin Nakşibendi Tomb is located in Hacı Fettah Cemetery, and Söylemez Tomb is located in the Fish Market near the Muhacir Market in Pirebî District. Hatice Hatun Tomb, which did not survive to the present day, was in the Şems-i Tebrizî Cemetery and was destroyed together with the cemetery in 1944. The Tombs of İynel Dede and Mahmut Dede, which were in Akçeşme District, disappeared over time. A total of 13 different shaped tombstones were identified in these eight tombs. The identification of these tombs and the tombstones inside them was made possible by field research and information scanned from sources. Each existing work was photographed one by one, and for those that were not available, sources were used. While the study was continuing, official permissions were obtained from the necessary places. Our most important purpose in choosing this topic is to collectively consider the tombstones in the monumental tombs built during the Ottoman period in the central districts of Konya, analyze and record their periodic features. In our research, 13 tombstones found in Ottoman period tombs were evaluated and analyzed under the subheadings of material, technique, form, heading types, decoration and inscription, and their place in art history was tried to be determined on the Konya scale. With this study, it is aimed to contribute to the literature in terms of determining the diversity of forms and decorations of the tombstones inside the tombs. According to our findings; It is seen that all of the tombstones are made of marble, and ground carving, engraving and painting techniques are used on them. The tombstones examined within the scope of our subject are categorized in terms of form as sarcophagus, sarcophagus, sarcophagus with a witness, a tombstone with a witness and a framed tombstone. When evaluated in terms of their period, the examples in our research have an aesthetically elegant appearance. The tops of the shahes have different crowns such as pointed tangent arches and triangular pediments. Heads were identified on a total of four tombstones, three male and one female. Although the tombstones are generally handled in a simple manner, geometric shaped borders and inlays are visible on some of them. It was determined that some of them included compositions with herbs and objects. In one work, the flowers in a delicately crafted vase attract attention. It was not possible to find any information about the masters of the gravestones examined in this research. Five gravestones do not contain any dates. In addition to all these determinations, in our study we tried to answer the question of whether the tombs and the tombstones in them are contemporary or not, and it was concluded that the tombs and the tombstones in them may have been built in the same years. The dating of the works was made based on the construction date of the tomb they are in, the date phrase on the inscription on the tombstone, or the decorative compositions. Accordingly, eight of the gravestones examined within the scope of our topic are dated to the 16th century, one to the 18th century, and three to the 20th century. One of the tombstones could not be dated precisely because it did not survive to the present day. The subject of this research is "Gravestones in Ottoman Tombs at Konya". Monumental tomb architectures and gravestones in various forms have always been given importance by researchers in Turkish art. Karakhanids, Ghaznavids, and Great Seljuks built many monumental tombs in Turkish-Islamic art. This tradition was continued by the Turks after the Turks came to Anatolia. In Konya, the construction of kumbets and Tombs was given importance during the Seljuks, Feudals, and Ottomans periods. In this context, within the scope of our research, 8 Tombs with gravestones in various forms were found in Konya and dated to the Ottoman period. Six of these Tombs exist today, and two of them have not survived. Four of the existing tombs are Hürrem Pasha Tomb, Mehmet Bey Tomb, Sinan Pasha Tomb, and Fatma Hatun Tomb, which are in the garden of the Mevlana Museum. Sheikh Muhammed Bahaeddin Nakşibendi Tomb is in Hacı Fettah Cemetery and Söylemez Tomb is in the fish market near Emigrant Bazaar. Hatice Hatun Tomb, which has not survived to the present day, was in the Şems-i Tebrizi Cemetery and was removed together with the cemetery in 1944. Iynel Dede and Mahmut Dede Tombs have disappeared over time in Akçeşme district. A total of 13 gravestones in different forms were found in these 8 Tombs. The identification of these Tombs and the gravestones in them was made through field research and resources. The works that have survived to the present day have been photographed, and the sources have been used for the works that have not reached the present day. During the study, official permissions were obtained from the necessary institutions. Our most important aim in choosing this subject is to analyze and record the periodical features of the monumental tombs and gravestones built in the Ottoman Period in the central districts of Konya. In our research, 13 gravestones in the Ottoman period were evaluated and analyzed in terms of material, technique, form, burial types, ornamentation, and writing, and their values were tried to be determined at the Konya scale in the history of art. With this study, it is aimed to contribute to the literature in terms of determining the variety of forms and ornaments of the gravestones in the tombs. According to the findings, it was seen that all of the gravestones were made of marble and that the ground carving, scraping, and painting techniques were frequently used in all of the gravestones. The gravestones examined within the scope of our subject were categorized stylistically as a symbolic coffin, sarcophagus, framed gravestone, headstone, headstone with a symbolic coffin. When the samples in our research are evaluated in terms of their periods, they have elegant appearances in terms of aesthetics. The tops of the headstones have different crests such as pointed tangential arches and triangular pediments. Four gravestones as three male and one female were found. The gravestones mentioned are generally in basic form. However, some of them have geometric-shaped borders and inserts. Some of the gravestones have herbal and object compositions. In one of these works, the flowers in the vase, which are processed with fine craftsmanship, stand out. No information has yet been found regarding the gravestones examined in this study and their craftsmen. There is no construction date on the five gravestones. In addition to these determinations, it was investigated whether some of the tombs and gravestones mentioned in the study are contemporary has been tried to be answered, and it has been concluded that the tombstones and tombstones in them may have been made in the same years. The dating of the works is based on the construction date of the Tomb, the date on the gravestone, and the decoration compositions. According to this dating, eight of the gravestones examined can be dated to the 16th century, one to the 18th century, and three to the 20th century. Since one of the gravestones has not survived, there is no information about its construction date.
Detaylı Başlık	Konya’daki Osmanlı Türbeleri’nde Mezar Taşları

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Gravestones in the Ottoman Tombs in Konya

Author TURKISH, Hümeyra, BLACK, Hacer

Publication Place Hits University - Hits University

Subject Hittite Journal of Theology, 2021-12, Vol.20 (2), p.835-876

Type kitap

Language ara,eng,tur

Digital Yes

Manuscript No

Library Leitir Library

Library Asset ID ISSN: 2757-6949, EISSN: 2757-6949, DOI: 10.14395/hid.983005

Record ID cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_3ef353bc9f534c0bb32cd848d68ee328

Library Location DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals

Notes The subject of this research is the tombstones in the Ottoman tombs in Konya. In Turkish art, monumental tomb architecture and tombstones made in various forms have always maintained their importance by researchers. In Turkish-Islamic art, the Karakhanids, Ghaznavids and Great Seljuks built many monumental tombs. This tradition was continued after the Turks came to Anatolia. In Konya, importance was given to the construction of tombs and tombs during the Seljuk, Principality and Ottoman periods. In this context, within the scope of our research, eight tombs containing tombstones in various forms and which we can date to the Ottoman period were identified in Konya. Although six of these tombs exist today, two have disappeared. Four of the existing tombs are Hürrem Pasha Tomb, Mehmet Bey Tomb, Sinan Pasha Tomb and Fatma Hatun Tomb, located in the garden of Mevlana Museum. Sheikh Muhammed Bahaeddin Nakşibendi Tomb is located in Hacı Fettah Cemetery, and Söylemez Tomb is located in the Fish Market near the Muhacir Market in Pirebî District. Hatice Hatun Tomb, which did not survive to the present day, was in the Şems-i Tebrizî Cemetery and was destroyed together with the cemetery in 1944. The Tombs of İynel Dede and Mahmut Dede, which were in Akçeşme District, disappeared over time. A total of 13 different shaped tombstones were identified in these eight tombs. The identification of these tombs and the tombstones inside them was made possible by field research and information scanned from sources. Each existing work was photographed one by one, and for those that were not available, sources were used. While the study was continuing, official permissions were obtained from the necessary places. Our most important purpose in choosing this topic is to collectively consider the tombstones in the monumental tombs built during the Ottoman period in the central districts of Konya, analyze and record their periodic features. In our research, 13 tombstones found in Ottoman period tombs were evaluated and analyzed under the subheadings of material, technique, form, heading types, decoration and inscription, and their place in art history was tried to be determined on the Konya scale. With this study, it is aimed to contribute to the literature in terms of determining the diversity of forms and decorations of the tombstones inside the tombs. According to our findings; It is seen that all of the tombstones are made of marble, and ground carving, engraving and painting techniques are used on them. The tombstones examined within the scope of our subject are categorized in terms of form as sarcophagus, sarcophagus, sarcophagus with a witness, a tombstone with a witness and a framed tombstone. When evaluated in terms of their period, the examples in our research have an aesthetically elegant appearance. The tops of the shahes have different crowns such as pointed tangent arches and triangular pediments. Heads were identified on a total of four tombstones, three male and one female. Although the tombstones are generally handled in a simple manner, geometric shaped borders and inlays are visible on some of them. It was determined that some of them included compositions with herbs and objects. In one work, the flowers in a delicately crafted vase attract attention. It was not possible to find any information about the masters of the gravestones examined in this research. Five gravestones do not contain any dates. In addition to all these determinations, in our study we tried to answer the question of whether the tombs and the tombstones in them are contemporary or not, and it was concluded that the tombs and the tombstones in them may have been built in the same years. The dating of the works was made based on the construction date of the tomb they are in, the date phrase on the inscription on the tombstone, or the decorative compositions. Accordingly, eight of the gravestones examined within the scope of our topic are dated to the 16th century, one to the 18th century, and three to the 20th century. One of the tombstones could not be dated precisely because it did not survive to the present day. The subject of this research is "Gravestones in Ottoman Tombs at Konya". Monumental tomb architectures and gravestones in various forms have always been given importance by researchers in Turkish art. Karakhanids, Ghaznavids, and Great Seljuks built many monumental tombs in Turkish-Islamic art. This tradition was continued by the Turks after the Turks came to Anatolia. In Konya, the construction of kumbets and Tombs was given importance during the Seljuks, Feudals, and Ottomans periods. In this context, within the scope of our research, 8 Tombs with gravestones in various forms were found in Konya and dated to the Ottoman period. Six of these Tombs exist today, and two of them have not survived. Four of the existing tombs are Hürrem Pasha Tomb, Mehmet Bey Tomb, Sinan Pasha Tomb, and Fatma Hatun Tomb, which are in the garden of the Mevlana Museum. Sheikh Muhammed Bahaeddin Nakşibendi Tomb is in Hacı Fettah Cemetery and Söylemez Tomb is in the fish market near Emigrant Bazaar. Hatice Hatun Tomb, which has not survived to the present day, was in the Şems-i Tebrizi Cemetery and was removed together with the cemetery in 1944. Iynel Dede and Mahmut Dede Tombs have disappeared over time in Akçeşme district. A total of 13 gravestones in different forms were found in these 8 Tombs. The identification of these Tombs and the gravestones in them was made through field research and resources. The works that have survived to the present day have been photographed, and the sources have been used for the works that have not reached the present day. During the study, official permissions were obtained from the necessary institutions. Our most important aim in choosing this subject is to analyze and record the periodical features of the monumental tombs and gravestones built in the Ottoman Period in the central districts of Konya. In our research, 13 gravestones in the Ottoman period were evaluated and analyzed in terms of material, technique, form, burial types, ornamentation, and writing, and their values were tried to be determined at the Konya scale in the history of art. With this study, it is aimed to contribute to the literature in terms of determining the variety of forms and ornaments of the gravestones in the tombs. According to the findings, it was seen that all of the gravestones were made of marble and that the ground carving, scraping, and painting techniques were frequently used in all of the gravestones. The gravestones examined within the scope of our subject were categorized stylistically as a symbolic coffin, sarcophagus, framed gravestone, headstone, headstone with a symbolic coffin. When the samples in our research are evaluated in terms of their periods, they have elegant appearances in terms of aesthetics. The tops of the headstones have different crests such as pointed tangential arches and triangular pediments. Four gravestones as three male and one female were found. The gravestones mentioned are generally in basic form. However, some of them have geometric-shaped borders and inserts. Some of the gravestones have herbal and object compositions. In one of these works, the flowers in the vase, which are processed with fine craftsmanship, stand out. No information has yet been found regarding the gravestones examined in this study and their craftsmen. There is no construction date on the five gravestones. In addition to these determinations, it was investigated whether some of the tombs and gravestones mentioned in the study are contemporary has been tried to be answered, and it has been concluded that the tombstones and tombstones in them may have been made in the same years. The dating of the works is based on the construction date of the Tomb, the date on the gravestone, and the decoration compositions. According to this dating, eight of the gravestones examined can be dated to the 16th century, one to the 18th century, and three to the 20th century. Since one of the gravestones has not survived, there is no information about its construction date.

Detaylı Başlık Konya’daki Osmanlı Türbeleri’nde Mezar Taşları