Author
ÇÖKLÜ, Ramazan
Publication Place
Firat University -
Firat University
Subject
Fırat University Faculty of Theology journal, 2023-06, Vol.28 (1), p.79-96
Type
Book
Language
ara,tur
Digital
Yes
Manuscript
No
Library
Leitir Library
Library Asset ID
ISSN: 1304-639X, EISSN: 2791-951X, DOI: 10.58568/firatilahiyat.1271017
Record ID
cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_7a4eb03500bd4566a66c40d3b0af33f7
Library Location
Open Access Resources_DOAJ
Notes
News, which is one of the basic ways of obtaining information, has been the subject of different scientific disciplines such as tafsir, hadith, fiqh, kalam and rhetoric. Especially the Quran's Hz. The fact that it is a collection of news sent down to the Prophet by Allah (swt) through revelation has caused news to become a common name among Islamic sciences. Although khabar is mentioned in some way in all Islamic sciences, scholars of fiqh and theology have examined it in depth in terms of definition, nature, quality and quantity. So much so that, in addition to trying to create definitions that could cover all individuals, methodologists and theologians also took into account some doctrinal concerns and tried to reflect this in the definition of news they adopted. This situation can be seen very clearly in the Mu'tazili and Ash'ari scholars. Although there are studies examining the views of Mu'tazili and Ash'arite scholars regarding the content and parts of news, their definitions of news have not been examined as a scientific term. Here is the 6th/12th place in this research. and 7th/13th. The definitions of news of Fahreddin er-Râzî, Sekkâkî and Seyfeddin el-Âmidî, who were Mu'tazili and Ash'ari scholars living in the 19th century, were analyzed and the theological and linguistic issues they considered in these definitions were tried to be determined. In previous centuries, three definitions of news were generally popular among Mu'tazili and Ash'ari scholars. One of these belongs to Ebü'l-Hüseyin el-Basrî. The other two definitions are various forms of the definition "A word that can be called true or false". In these definitions, it was discussed which of the conjunctions "and" and "or" should be used, as well as the expressions "confirmation and denial", and it was mostly criticized for reasons such as not being able to include all the members, not being able to exclude some of the individuals it did not cover, being explained with unknown concepts and causing a vicious circle. In the research, the criticisms of Râzî, Sekkâkî and Amidî towards the mentioned definitions were conveyed, and then the view adopted by each of them was expressed. or the definition of news was explained, and the views of the Usul scholars on the subject were discussed in order of death and under separate headings, and as a result, first Râzî's, then Sekkâkî's and finally Amidî's approach were examined, and the views of the three Usul scholars mentioned in these headings were explained in articles, just like in their works, and the people and sects they criticized and the method they used were also tried to be determined in the research. The approach of Râzî, Sekkâkî and Amidî on the subject has been compared, and the background concerns they have and how they influenced each other and the usûlists after them have been determined. Thus, the views of Râzî, Sekkâkî and Amidî on the definition of news are examined together with the period before and after them, and offer the reader a broad perspective on the usûl al-fiqh. One of the most important goals of the research, in which the relationship between kalam and rhetoric is emphasized, is to reveal the relationship between Islamic sciences through the definition of news. The fact that the scholars whose views we have explained are deepened in more than one field is the most important reason that makes it possible to achieve this goal. So much so that Râzî and Sekkâkî examined the definitions of news of the methodologists and theologians even in their works on rhetoric and wrote their opinions on this subject to the branch of science to which the work belongs. Moreover, due to the discussion of a concept in the works written in the 6th/12th and 7th/13th centuries, there are also examples from the use of the science of logic in the usul of fiqh. Thus, the relationship between the disciplines of fiqh, kalam and rhetoric is shown through concrete examples, which may be a new field of research for today's researchers. In addition to the fiqh usul and rhetoric works of Râzî, Sekkâkî and Amidî, the usûl works and some theological works written in previous centuries were also used. The research consists of an introduction and five chapters. In the introduction, the dictionary meaning of khabar, its special position in Islamic sciences and the content of the research are mentioned in the first part, by Râzî in the second part, and by Sekkâkî in the third. In the first part, Âmidî's views on the definition and nature of news, his criticisms and the solutions they offered were explained. In the fourth part, the views and methodology of the three methodologists mentioned were compared with a general evaluation, and in the last part, their influence on the methodologists in later periods was tried to be revealed. In particular, the fact that the Qur'ān is a collection of Khabars that was revealed to Hz. Muḥammad by Allāh (c.c.) has led to khabar being the common share of Islamic sciences. Even though khabar is mentioned somehow in all Islamic sciences, scholars of fiqh and kalām have examined it in depth in terms of definition, nature, quality and quantity. to create definitions that could cover all individuals, the methodologists and theologians also took into account some theological concerns and tried to reflect this in the definition of khabar they adopted. This situation can be seen very clearly in the Muʿtazilī and Ashʿarī methodists. Although there are studies examining the opinions of Muʿtazilī and Ashʿarī methodists about the content and parts of the khabar, their definitions of khabar have not been examined as a scientific. In this research, the khabar definitions of Muʿtazilī and Ashʿarī methodists who lived in the period from Jubbā’īs to Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī were analyzed and the theological and linguistic aspects that they observed in these definitions were tried to be determined with the exception of Abū l-Ḥusayn al-Baṣrī, Muʿtazilī and Ashʿarī scholars in the mentioned period generally defined the haber as "the word that can be called true and false" and tried to use expressions that support or reject the view that the Qur'ān was created. It is seen that the methodologists try to shape their views by discussing whether the conjunction to be used in the definition should be "and" or "or" In this research, the khabar definitions of Fakhr al-Dῑn al-Rāzī. as-Sakkākῑ and Sayf al-Dīn al-Āmidī, who were Mu'tazilī and Ash'arῑ methodists living in the 6th/12th and 7th/13th centuries, were analyzed and the theological and linguistic aspects that they observed in these definitions were tried to be determined. In the previous centuries, three definitions of khabar were popular among Mu'tazilī and Ash'arῑ. scholars. One of them belongs to Abū l-Ḥusayn al-Baṣrī. The other two definitions are various forms of the definition of "the word that can be called true and false", besides the expressions "approve” and "deny", it was discussed which of the conjunctions "and" and "or" should be used, and it was suggested for the reasons such as not being able to include all the individuals, not being able to remove some individuals. it did not cover, explaining it with unknown concepts and causing a vicious circle. In the research, the criticisms of al-Rāzī, as-Sakkākῑ and al-Āmidī, on the aforementioned definitions are conveyed, and then the view or definitions of khabar adopted by each of them is explained. The views of the Usulists were on the subject discussed in order of death and under separate headings, and as a result of this, the approach of. al-Rāzī first, then as-Sakkākῑ, and finally al-Āmidī was examined. Again, the views of the three methodologists, whose names are mentioned in these titles, are explained in the same way as in their works, as well as the people and sects they criticize and the method they use are tried to be determined. In addition, in the study, the approach of al-Rāzī, as-Sakkākῑ and al-Āmidī on the subject was compared and it was determined what concerns they had in the background and how they affected each other and the methodists after them. Thus, the views of al-Rāzī, as-Sakkākῑ and al-Āmidī regarding the definitions of khabar are examined together with the period before and after them, and they offer a broad perspective to the reader.
Detaylı Başlık
Fıkıh Usûlü Kelâm ve Belâgat İlişkisi: Mu‘tezilî ve Eş‘arî Usûlcülerin Haber Tanımlarının Analizi (Râzî, Sekkâkî ve Âmidî Mukayesesi)
