Author
RICH, Fatih
Type
Book
Language
ara,eng,tur
Digital
Yes
Manuscript
No
Library
Royal Danish Library
Library Asset ID
ISSN: 2757-6949, EISSN: 2757-6949, DOI: 10.14395/hid.873056
Record ID
cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_9a998815b83d4522a80cc007ac813185
Library Location
EBSCOhost Academic Search Complete
Notes
Hz. With the death of the Prophet, Muslims were deprived of his leadership and authority in the political field, as in many other areas. Therefore, it was inevitable that disagreements would arise over how to direct political life. Hz. The political leadership represented in the person of the Prophet had the power to eliminate many conflicts. However, after that, Muslims lost this opportunity. The caliphate institution, which emerged in order to compensate for this deficiency, tried to keep the Islamic society together and establish unity. During the first two caliphs' periods, this unity was largely achieved, with some exceptions. Hz. Abu Bakr and Hz. Despite the relative calm in domestic politics during the reign of Omar, Sa'd b. Ubade has drawn an oppositional line. However, his opposition remained theoretical. Hz. As a result of the changes that occurred after the period of political tranquility until the Ottoman period, different views and voices naturally rose in politics. These differences are sometimes political and even -Hz. It has also been seen that it turned into an actual conflict, as seen in the martyrdom of Osman. In such situations, also called the period of fitna, there were names among the companions who showed different attitudes. Some of them are Hz. While some of them strongly opposed Osman's practices, others preferred to remain silent. Among them is Hz. There were also people who supported Osman. Hz. In the period until Ali came to the caliphate, the companions generally revealed their political attitude. The most striking group among these are those who choose to stay out of the events without choosing a political side. In this article, the companions who did not lean towards the parties in power or the opposition and preferred peace in times of political disagreement and discord are discussed. These companions believed that the conditions they were in did not have the potential to produce a political solution and withdrew from active politics. While there were people who criticized the administration for purely political and administrative reasons, there were also those who opposed it due to various tribal thoughts, economic concerns or purely personal reasons. It was clear that the confusion and chaos created by all this would not show a political way out. As a matter of fact, the historical course of events proved these companions right. One of the companions in question, Sa'd b. Ubade, Hz. In the early days of Omar's caliphate, he settled in Havran near Damascus and remained there until his death. Hz. Abu Zer al-Gıfari, who struggled politically with the Osman administration for a long time, but withdrew from political life completely when he could not get results, settled in the village of Rebeze on the Medina-Iraq road and again became a servant of Hz. He died there during the caliphate of Osman. Muhammad b. Maslama and Hz. He came to the fore as an effective statesman and politician of both the period of the Prophet (pbuh) and the period of the Rashidun Caliphate. However, especially Hz. It started during the reign of Osman and Hz. After attempting to find a solution to the internal problems that persisted during the Ali period, he left the political scene completely of his own accord. The last example name discussed in this study is Seleme b. Ekva also Hz. He is one of the first Muslims from Medina who was praised by the Prophet. Hz. He participated in many expeditions and serials during the period of the Prophet. Hz. During the sedition events during the Osman period, he settled in Rebeze and preferred to stay away from the political environment. These companions did not take part in the state administration again until their deaths, nor did they participate in any opposition movement. Even though their number was small compared to the total number of companions, it is extremely meaningful in the history of Islam that they chose not to choose one of the existing sides and retreated into political seclusion. Therefore, this article draws attention to this small group that brings a different approach to the political life of Islamic history, which is evaluated in terms of groups fighting each other. Thus, as the first study focusing on this subject, we hope that the article will shed light on future studies. Because there is no independent study on the companions who withdrew from political events. In the article where qualitative research method was used, literature review was used since it is a historical study. After the death of the Prophet Muhammad, Muslims were deprived of their leadership and authority in the political arena as in many other fields. For this reason, it was inevitable that disputes would arise about how to direct political life, as well as about the ways in which religion is understood. The political leadership represented in the person of the Prophet had the power to resolve many conflicts. However, after that, Muslims lost this opportunity. The caliphate system, which was founded to compensate for this deficiency, tried to hold the Islamic community together and to establish unity among Muslims. During the first two caliphs, this unity was largely achieved with some exceptions. Despite the relative domestic politics of the periods of Abu Bakr and Omar, for example, Sa'd b. Ubade has drawn an opposing line. Despite this, Sa'd b. Ubade's opposition remained in the theoretical plan. During the Omar period, Sa'd left Medina and settled in Hawran. However, as one might expect, there appeared different ideas and opinions in politics. From time to time, these differences also turned into conflict. In such cases, which are also called as the period of strife, the Companions exhibited different attitudes towards these conflicts. While some strongly opposed Osman's practices, others preferred to remain silent. During the period until Ali came to the caliphate, the Companions generally showed their political attitude. The most striking group among these are those who chose to stay out of the events without choosing a political side. This study discusses the Companions, who preferred reconciliation rather than being in favor of the parties in power or opposition in the events of political disagreement and strife. These Companions withdrew from active politics seeing that the existing circumstances did not have the potential to produce a political solution. Because there were people who criticized the administration with purely political and administrative motivations, and there were opponents with various tribal ideas, economic concerns or purely personal reasons. It was clear that the chaos and turmoil all this created would not show a way out politically. As a matter of fact, the historical course of the events justified these Companions. Saʽd ibn ʽUbadah, one of the companions in question, settled in Hawran near Damascus in the first days of Umar's caliphate and remained there until he passed away. Abu Zer al-Gifari, who struggled with the Osman administration in a political sense for a long time, but withdrawn from the political life when he could not get any results, settled in the village of Al-Rabadha on the road to Medina and Iraq. He died there during the caliphate of Osman. Muhammad b. Maslama came to the fore as an effective statesman and politician of both the Prophet's and the caliphs. However, he left the political scene of his own will after attempting to solve the internal problems that started in the Ottoman period and continued during the Ali period. The last example of the article is Salamah ibn al-Akwa was one of the first Muslims from Medina who received the praise of the Prophet. He was found in many gazwa and sariyyas during the Prophet's period. He preferred to stay away from the political environment by settling in Rebeze during the strife events of the Osman period. These Companions did not take part in the state government or any opposition movement until their death. Although their number is less compared to the total number of Companions, it is extremely meaningful that they withdrew politically by choosing not to choose one of the parties present in the history of Islam. This article draws attention to this small group of people who take a different approach to the political life of Islamic history, as viewed in terms of groups struggling with each other. Thus, as the first study focusing on this subject, we hope that the article will shed light on future studies. Because, there is no independent study on the Companions who resigned from political events. In the article in which the qualitative research method was used, literature review was applied because it is a historical study.
Görüntüle
Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi, 2021-06, Vol.20 (1), p.433-458
