Author
the time of the volume's compilation held the title Dīyānat Khān
Publication Date
1073-1075 (AH, Hijri qamari)
Publication Place
Delhi (Shāhjahānābād); Ambalah; Lahore; Srinagar (Kashmir) -
Type
Book
Language
ara,fas
Digital
Yes
Manuscript
Yes
Pages Count
1
Physical Dimensions
245 x 134 mm
Library
Qatar Digital Library
Library Asset ID
Or 2361
Record ID
vdc_100035587376.0x000001
Library Location
British Library: Oriental Manuscripts
Date
1073-1075 (AH, Hijri qamari)
Notes
A collection of fourteen treatises on music theory in Arabic and Persian, copied for Shāh Qubād ibn ‘Abd al-Jalīl al-Ḥārithī al-Badakhshī (شاه قباد بن عبد الجليل الحارثي البدخشي, d. Delhi, 1083/1672-3) who by the time of the volume's compilation held the title Dīyānat Khān (ديانتخان).
Dīyānat Khān, a courtier and provincial administrator under the sixth Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb (reg. 1658-1707), himself collated most of the contents and may have been responsible for adding the diagrams. A number of extant musical texts also copied for Dīyānat Khān testify to his interest in the subject (e.g. Oxford, Bodleian Library, Ouseley 130, 385, 158).
The majority of texts within the volume are provided with colophons testifying to the process of its creation and collation which took place between Shāhjahānābād (Delhi), Ambala, Lahore and Kashmir during the years 1662-65 (to 1668 including the collation; see Norton-Wright, Jenny, 'A Mughal Musical Miscellany: The journey of Or. 2361', British Library Asia and African studies blog [31 July 2020] https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2020/07/a-mughal-musical-miscellany-the-journey-of-or-2361-1.html [accessed 13 August 2021]).
The colophons also provide the names of two scribes, one of whom, Sayyid Abū Muḥammad ibn Sayyid Fatḥ Muḥammad Samānī (سيد أبو محمد بن سيد فتح محمد سماني) worked exclusively on Arabic texts, while the other, Muḥammad Amīn al-Akbarābādī (محمد أمين الأكبرآبادي), copied only Persian texts.
After Dīyānat Khān’s death, this volume came into the possession of his grandson, Mirzā Muḥammad ibn Rustam Mu‘tamad Khān (ميرزا محمد ابن رستم معتمد خان, b. 1687), whose ownership inscription appears on folios 2r, 18r, 33r, and 247r alongside a seal dated 1120/1708-09.
Rustam Muʻtamad Khān, Diyānat Khān's son and the father of Mirzā Muḥammad, was also a proficient scholar who translated a treatise on sundials from Latin into Arabic (see London, British Library IO Islamic 1308), and Mirzā Muhammad himself was a historian who recorded his family's biographies in his
Tārīkh-i Muḥammadī
(see London, British Library Or 1824).
Provenance notes on f. 2r record changes of ownership into the 19th century, when the Kashmiri-style illuminations as well as the frames on each page and the gold-tooled blue leather binding appear to have been added.
A contents list of alternative Persian titles, added later, appears on f. 1r.
Contents:
(1) Riz̤avī, Muḥammad ibn Jalāl (رضوي، محمد ابن جلال),
Risālah dar jamʿ-i maqālāt-i fuquhāʾ dar bāb shanīdan-i alḥān
(رساله در جمع مقالات فقهاء در باب شنيدن الحان; ff. 2r-15r);
(2) Ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, ʿAbd al-Jalīl (ابن عبد الرحمن، عبد الجليل),
Risālah masīḥī dar kayfīyat va haqīqat samāʿ va abāḥatān
(رساله مسيحي در كيفيت و حقيقت سماع و اباحتان; ff. 15r-17v);
(3) al-Urmawī, Ṣafī al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Muʾmin ibn Yūsuf (الأرموي، صفي الدين عبد المؤمن بن يوسف),
al-Risālah al-mismāh bi-al-adwār fī al-mūsīqī
(الرسالة المسماة بالأدوار في الموسيقي; ff. 18r-32r);
(4) Anonymous,
Sharḥ
lil-adwār
(شرح للأدوار; ff. 33r-68r);
(5) Anonymous,
Risālah sharḥ Mubārak Shāh bar adwār
(رسالة شرح مبارك شاه بر ادوار; ff. 68v-153r);
(6) ʿAṭṭārī,ʿAbd al-Munʿim Muḥammad (عطاري، عبد المنعم محمد),
Hāshīyah ʿalá
Risālah fī nisbat al-taʾlīf
(حاشية على رسالة في نسبة التأليف; ff. 153v-156r);
(7) Avicenna (ابن سينا),
Mūsīqī-yi ḥikmat-i ʿAlāʾ
ī
(موسيقي حكمت علائي; ff. 157r-164r);
(8) al-Kindī, Ya‘qūb ibn Isḥāq (الكندي، يعقوب بن إسحاق),
Risālah fī khubr taʾlīf al-alḥā
n
(رسالة في خبر تأليف الألحان; ff. 165r-168r);
(9) al-Shirwānī, Fatḥ Allāh (الشرواني، فتح الله),
Risālah fī ʿilm al-mūsīqī
(رسالة في علم الموسيقي; ff. 168v-219v);
(10) Ibn Zaylah, al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad (ابن زيلة، الحسين بن محمد),
Kitāb al-kāfī fī al-mūsīqī
(كتاب الكافي في الموسيقي; ff. 220r-236v);
(11) Ibn al-Munajjim, Yaḥya ibn ʿAlī (ابن المنجّم، يحيى بن علي),
Risālah fī al-mūsīqī
(رسالة في الموسيقي; ff. 236v-238v);
(12) al-Fārābī, Abū Naṣr Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Tarkhān (الفارابي، أبو نصرمحمد بن محمد بن ترخان),
Min Kitāb al-madkhal fī al-mūsīqī
(من كتاب المدخل في الموسيقي; ff. 238v-240r);
(13) al-Bukhārī, Qāsim ibn Dūst ʻAlī (بخاري، قاسم ابن دوست علي),
Kashf al-awtār
(كشف الأوتار; ff. 240v-246r);
(14) Anonymous,
Risālah kanz al-tuḥaf dar mūsīqī
(رسالة كنز التحف در موسيقي; ff. 247r-269v).
Erişim Koşulları
Unrestricted
Bulma Yardımcıları
Rieu, Charles,
Supplement to the Catalogue of the Arabic Manuscripts in the British Museum
(London: The British Museum, 1894), Item 823, pp. 558-561
Rieu, Charles,
Supplement to the Catalogue of the Persian Manuscripts in the British Museum
(London: The British Museum, 1895), Item 162, pp. 114-116
Shiloah, Amnon,
The Theory of Music in Arabic Writings (c. 900-1900): Descriptive Catalogue of Manuscripts in Libraries of Europe and the U.S.A.
(Munich: G. Henle Verlag, 1979), texts 058, 152, 169, 131, 175, 222, 239, 329, 330, pp. 107-08, 200-01, 228-29, 250-51, 256-57, 308-311, 331-34 and 418-20
Farmer, Henry George,
The Sources of Arabian Music. An Annotated Bibliography of Arabic Manuscripts which Deal with the Theory, Practice, and History of Arabian Music
(Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1965), pp. 9, 28, 38 and 48-49
Edinme Kaynağı
Purchased from Syed Ali, of Hyderabad (of India), 28 May 1881.
Gruplandırıldığı Yer
Risālah dar jamʿ-i maqālāt-i fuquhāʾ dar bāb shanīdan-i alḥān رساله در جمع مقالات فقهاء در باب شنيدن الحان Riz̤avī, Muḥammad ibn Jalāl رضوى، محمد ابن جلال
27 images
Ref: Or 2361, ff 2r-15r
Risālah-'i masīḥī dar kayfīyat va haqīqat-i samāʿ va ibāḥatān رساله مسيحي در كيفيت وحقيقت سماع واباحتان Ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, ʿAbd al-Jalīl عبد الرحمن، عبد الجليل ابن
6 images
Ref: Or 2361, ff 15r-17v
al-Risālah al-musammāh bi-al-adwār fī al-mūsīqī الرسالة المسماة بالأدوار في الموسيقي al-Urmawī, Ṣafī al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Muʾmin ibn Yūsuf الأرموي، صفي الدين عبد المؤمن بن يوسف
30 images
Ref: Or 2361, ff 18r-32r
Sharḥ lil-adwār شرح للأدوار
71 images
Ref: Or 2361, ff 33r-68r
[Sharḥ Mawlānā Mubārakshāh bar adwār] [شرح مولانا مباركشاه بر ادوار]
170 images
Ref: Or 2361, ff 68v-153r
Hāshīyah ʿalá Risālah fī nisbat al-taʾlīf حاشية على رسالة في نسبة التأليف 'Aṭṭārī,ʿAbd al-Munʿim Muḥammad عطاري، عبد المنعم محمد
6 images
Ref: Or 2361, ff 153v-156r
Mūsīqī-yi ḥikmat-i ʿAlāʾī موسيقي حكمت علائي Avicenna ابن سينا
15 images
Ref: Or 2361, ff 157r-164r
[Risālah fī khubr taʾlīf al-alḥān] [رسالة في خبر تأليف الألحان] Kindī, Yaʻqūb ibn Isḥāq كندي، يعقوب بن إسحق
7 images
Ref: Or 2361, ff 165r-168r
[Risālah fī ʿilm al-mūsīqī] [رسالة في علم الموسيقي] Shirwānī, Fatḥ Allāh شرواني، فتح الله
103 images
Ref: Or 2361, ff 168v-219v
Kitāb al-kāfī fī al-mūsīqī كتاب الكافي في الموسيقي Ibn Zaylah, al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad ابن زيلة، الحسين بن محمد
34 images
Ref: Or 2361, ff 220r-236v
Risālah fī al-mūsīqī رسالة في الموسيقى Ibn al-Munajjim, Yaḥyá ibn ʿAlī ابن المنجّم، يحيى بن علي
5 images
Ref: Or 2361, ff 236v-238v
Extracts from Kitāb al-madkhal fī al-mūsīqī من كتاب المدخل في الموسيقي Fārābī, Abū Naṣr Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Tarkhān فارابي، أبو نصر محمد بن محمد بن ترخان
4 images
Ref: Or 2361, ff 238v-240r
Kashf al-awtār كشف الأوتار Bukhārī, Qāsim ibn Dūst ʻAlī بخاري، قاسم ابن دوست علي
13 images
Ref: Or 2361, ff 240v-246r
Risālah-'i kanz al-tuḥaf dar mūsīqī رساله كنز التحف در موسيقي
46 images
Ref: Or 2361, ff 247r-269v
Köken
Acquisition note dated 29 Rajab 1241/9 March 1826 (f. 1r);
Acquisition note dated 15 Rabīʻ I 1240/7 November 1824 (f. 1r);
Purchase note for this volume, describing it as 'in 15,000
bayt
s, the eighteenth volume [?], [enclosed] in a white wax-cloth [?]' (كه مكتوبي است ١٥٠٠٠ بيت در جزدان حشدهم [؟] مومجامه سفيد يكته [؟]) for 261
rupees
Indian silver coin also widely used in the Persian Gulf.
, dated 1238/1822-3 (f. 1r);
Another purchase note for 261
rupees
Indian silver coin also widely used in the Persian Gulf.
, dated 1238/1822-3 (f. 1r);
Ghulām Muḥammad Khān 'Sāḥib Alḥān' (غلام محمد خان صاحب ألحان): his purchase inscription for 300 rupiah, dated 25 Rajab 1225/26 August 1810 (f. 1r);
Defaced and illegible square black seal (f. 1r);
Mirzā Muḥammad ibn Rustam Mu‘tamad Khān (ميرزا محمد ابن رستم معتمد خان), grandson of Diyānat Khān, the volume's patron: his seal dated 1120/1708-09 and his ownership inscriptions (ff. 2r, 18r, 33r and 247r [the latter defaced]).
Seçilmiş kaynakça
On Diyānat Khān and the musical context:
Brown, Katherine Butler, 'The Ṭhāṭ System of Seventeenth-Century North Indian Rāgas: A Preliminary Report on the Treatises of Kāmilkhānī',
Asian Music
, 35/1 (2003-04), pp. 1-13
Brown [Schofield], Katherine Butler, ‘Hindustani music in the time of Aurangzeb’ (unpublished doctoral thesis, School of Oriental and African Studies, 2003)
Mirzā Muḥammad ibn Rustam ibn Shāh Qubād,
Tārīkh-i Muḥammadī
(Or 1824) in:
Catalogue of the Persian Manuscripts in the British Museum, Vol. 3
(London: The British Museum, 1879), Item 1824, p. 895
Norton-Wright, Jenny, 'A Mughal Musical Miscellany: The journey of Or. 2361', British Library Asia and African studies blog (31 July 2020) https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2020/07/a-mughal-musical-miscellany-the-journey-of-or-2361-1.html [accessed 13 August 2021]
