Author
HACI BEKTAŞ VELİ (b. 1207?/? - d. 1271?/?)
Publication Date
02/02/2022
Subject
Tekke Literature - religious-sufistic moral work
Type
Book
Language
Persian
Digital
No
Manuscript
No
Library
Dictionary of Turkish Literature Works
Record ID
makalat-i-gaybiyye-ve-kelimat-i-ayniyye
Date
13th century
Notes
Makâlât-ı Gaybiyye ve Kelimât-ı Ayniyye is a prose religious mystical work. The work stated in many sources to belong to Hacı Bektaş Veli (b. 606/1209, d. 669/1270); It is one of the important works of the "XIII. Century Lodge Literature" in terms of its language, style and treatment of the subjects. The narration of the work, written in an instructive nature, is in the form of questions and answers, and its language is Persian. In the work, short questions on religious, moral and Sufi subjects are answered in a very simple and understandable way. The topics are supported by relevant verses, hadiths and the words of Islamic elders. In Makâlât-ı Gaybiyye and Kelimât-ı Ayniyye, Hacı Bektaş Veli expressed his advice, guidance and views on the ideal human model mostly through his conversations. Those who were in the environment where he held his conversations recorded them in writing. Makalat-ı Gaybiyye and Kelimat-ı Ayniyye were probably written by one of his students or successors. Makalat-ı Gaybiyye and Kelimât-ı Ayniyye contain valuable explanations and comments in line with Hacı Bektaş Veli's beliefs and philosophy. The way in which the subjects and themes in the book are discussed - except for one or two points - seems to be in accordance with Hacı Bektaş Veli's views in both written and oral tradition. One of the characteristics that distinguishes Hacı Bektaş Veli from other saints is that he focused on four gates and forty maqams. The foundations of this teaching are included in his Makâlât as well as in his Makâlât-ı Gaybiyye and Kelimât-ı Ayniyye. However, there are also views in the work that contradict the basic philosophy of Hacı Bektaş Veli. Some of these views are as follows: "Avoid the public, try to be alone, just as they run away from the lion. Do not chat with men, women, children, rich people and common people." These words do not belong to Hacı Bektaş Veli, who adopted the idea of integrating with the people, within the people, and advised his dervishes to live in harmony with the people, not to be isolated or separated from the people, like some other Sufi schools. Because Hacı Bektaş Veli does not discriminate between genders and advises men and women to be together and support each other throughout their lives, saying "Our youngest is our oldest." He is the owner of a teaching that appreciates that today's children are tomorrow's adults and glorifies them. We cannot claim that Hacı Bektaş Veli's words about isolation belong to him. It is possible that these words in Makâlât-ı Gaybiyye originate from the author's own views and perceptions. Hacı Bektaş Veli "He caused suffering." and he recommended this as well. According to him, suffering is a "temporary" behavior to reach maturity. At the end of this period, the person enters the people again and is with them. The work is mentioned in Main Britanica, but it is said that it is not certain whether it was written by Hacı Bektaş Veli. (Anabritanica 1986: 535), Bedri Noyan refers to the record in Anabritanica that the work belongs to Hacı Bektaş Velî (Noyan 1998). Ethem Ruhi Fığlalı is hesitant that this work belongs to Hacı Bektaş Veli (Fığlalı 1997: 25). Abdurrahman Güzel, on the other hand, stated that Makâlât-ı Gaybiyye and Kelimat-ı Ayniyye belonged to Hacı Bektaş, but did not provide any explanatory information about the work (Güzel 1998: 35). The most detailed information on the subject belongs to Esat Coşan. Coşan states the existence of such a work, but does not provide sufficient information about its location and copy. (Coşan n.d.: XLI). It is not a copy of Makâlât-ı Gaybiyye and Kelimât-ı Ayniyyetek. The fact that the work has traveled to Iran and is in the Iranian Islamic Council Library strengthens the possibility that there may be other copies of this work. There is a second copy between pages 1a-23a in the Osman Nuri Ergin Manuscripts numbered 948/1 in the Istanbul Municipal Library. Kitabü'l Fevaid begins right behind both copies. In the work, many subjects such as man's purification of himself, what the dervish will do, faith, mind, knowledge, creation, sheikh-disciple relations are discussed and explained. It is noteworthy that while the concept of "Ahl al-Sunnah wa'l Community" is mentioned in the copy coming from Iran, this expression is not included in the Istanbul copy. There is no information about the copyist and editor at the beginning and end of the book. However, the following statements right at the beginning: "These Articles of the Unseen and Words of the Ayniyye belong to Hacı Bektaş Horasani, a great man and great mystic, the owner of religious knowledge and worldly wisdom - may God bless his holy soul - and they are the advice he gave to enlighten his followers. These advice are to motivate good servants and show the right path to sinners." "It is inspired by the divine realm." (1a). This record gives the impression that the work was compiled and edited later. The date 1079/1668 was placed on the copy in the Istanbul Municipal Library. However, there is more than one text in the book. Among these, Risale-i Gülşeni and other texts related to Mevleviism are also included. We do not know for sure which of these the date H.1079 includes. However, the fact that the font used by the copyist in the text is the same and that the original features of the binding are intact indicate that the date of reproduction of all the books is 1079 H. This is a very important point that increases the importance of the book. However, when Makâlât-ı Gaybiyye and Kelimât-ı Ayniyye are read as a whole, when the beginning and ending rituals of djems, where today's oral tradition is still alive, are observed, and compared with the gulbank, speeches and breaths, it is clearly seen that they carry the thoughts of Hacı Bektaş Veli. We can say that a significant part of the explanations here have the same thematic features as Ahmet Yesevi's Divan-ı Hikmet and Yunus Emre's Risaletü'n-Nushiyye. For the author's biography, see. "Hacı Bektaş Veli", Turkish Literature Names Dictionary.
ISBN
978-9944-237-87-1
Madde Yazarı
Prof. Dr. GIYASETTİN AYTAŞ
Alfabesi
Arap
Yapısı
Mensur
Niteliği
Telif
Kaynakça
Ana Britannica (1986).Genel Kültür Ansiklopedisi.İstanbul: Ana Yay.
Altuntaş, Halil ve M. Şahin (2001).Kur'an-ı Kerim Meali. Ankara: Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Yay.
Celaleddin Muhammed b. Muhammed es-Suyuti(yty). Şerhu Sünen-i İbn-i Mace, Kadimi Kütüphane. Karaşi.
Coşan, Mahmut Esad (yty).Makalat.Ankara: Seha Neşniyat.
Fığlalı, Ethem Ruhi (1987).Millî Bütünlüğümüz ve Hacı Bektaş Veli.Ankara: Atatürk Kültür Merkezi Yay.
Güzel, Abdurrahman(1988).Hacı Bektaş Veli, Hayatı ve Eserleri.Ankara:Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Merkezi Yay.
Hacı Bektaş Veli (2010). "Makalt-ı Gaybiyye ve Kelimat-ı Ayniyye". (hzl. G. Aytaş). Ankara: Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Merkezi Yay.
İslam Ansiklopedisi (2001). Eskişehir: M.E.B. Yay.
İsmail b. Muhammed (2001).Keşfu'l-Hafa ve Müzilü'l-İlbas. Beyrut.
Katip Çelebi, Mustafa b. Abdullah er-Rumi (1992).Keşfu'z-Zunun an Esami'i'l-Kütüb ve'l-Funun. Beyrut.
Muhammed b. Abdurrahman el-Mübarekfuri (yty).Tuhfetü'l-Ahfezi, Darü'l-Kütübi'l-İlmiye.C.I-X. Beyrut.
Muhammed b. Abdülbaki b. Yusuf ez-Zerkani (1411).Şerhu'z-Zerkani. C. I-IV. Beyrut.
Muhammed b. Ahmed b. Ebi Bekr b. Ferah el-Kurtubi (1372).Kurtubi Tefsiri, Darü'ş-Şa'ab.C.I-XX. Kahire.
Muhammed b. İsmail el-Cufi (1987).Sahih-i Buhari, Darü İbn-iKesir el-Yememe. C. I-VI. Beyrut.
Müslim b. Haccac el-Kuşeyri (yty).Sahih-i Müslim, Darü'l-İhyai't-Türa-sil Arabi. C. I-V. Beyrut.
Noyan, Bedri (1998).Bütün Yönleriyle Bektaşilik ve Alevilik.Ankara: Ardıç Yay.
Atıf Bilgileri
AYTAŞ, GIYASETTİN. "MAKÂLÂT-I GAYBİYYE VE KELİMÂT-I AYNİYYE (HACI BEKTAŞ VELİ)".Türk Edebiyatı Eserler Sözlüğü,http://tees.yesevi.edu.tr/madde-detay/makalat-i-gaybiyye-ve-kelimat-i-ayniyye. [Erişim Tarihi: 25 Ağustos 2025].
