Author
Idris, Idris-i Bitlisi (d. 856-861/1452-1457 - ö. 921, 927, 930, 971?/1515, 1521, 1523, 1564?)
Publication Date
28/12/2021
Subject
Written Literature / Divan Literature - general history book
Type
Book
Language
Persian
Digital
No
Manuscript
No
Library
Dictionary of Turkish Literature Works
Record ID
hest-bihist-kitabu-s-sifati-s-semaniyye-fi-zikri-l-kayasireti-l-osmaniyye-idris
Date
911/1506
Notes
Persian work written by the religious scholar and statesman İdrîs-i Bitlisî. II. It is a general history book covering the periods of the first eight sultans of the Ottoman Empire, including the period of Bayezid (Özcan 1998: 271). II himself. The work, which started to be written in 908/1502-03 by the order of Bayezid (Akot 2013: 77), was completed within 30 months in 911/1506 (Akçay 2021). The work, which was named Kitâbü's-Sıfâti's-Semâniyye fî-Zikri'l-(Ahbâri'l-)Kayâsıreti'l-(Hulefâ'i'l-)Osmâniyye by its author, became famous with the Persian name Heşt Bihişt, which he also gave (Özcan 1998: 271; Başaran 2000: 41; Yıldırım 2010: XLIX). According to the introduction, 50000 silver coins were given to the author in exchange for copyright. For various reasons II. Bitlisî, who could not get the support he wanted from Bâyezîd, later presented his book, which he added to a verse poem with a prose preface, to Yavuz Sultan Selîm (Özcan, 1998: 271). In Heşt Bihişt, the events that took place from 710/1310-11 to 908/1502 were described. However, another event dated 919/1513 is mentioned in the author's line copy added to the dîbâce and hâtime. Hatima II. The end of the Bayezid era, the Kızılbaş issue, the fights between the princes, Yavuz Sultan Selîm's becoming sultan and the early periods of his reign are described, and some of the author's memories are included in the complaint that follows (Özcan 1998: 271). Bitlisî stated that he benefited from Persian, Seljuk, Byzantine and Ottoman histories when necessary while writing his work. Especially in the fifth chapter, Âşıkpaşazâde's Tevârîh-i Âl-i Osmân and a significant part of the other information in Heşt Bihişt are parallel to Kitâb-ı Cihân-nümâ. It is also possible that the author saw and benefited from Behcetü't-Tevârîh, written in Persian by Şükrullâh in the 15th century. Bitlisî wrote his work focusing on the histories of Cüveynî, Vassâf and Şerefeddîn Alî Yazdî. Thus, Bitlisî has a great role as the first representative in the beginning of Iranian historiography, which attaches importance to rhetoric in historiography, in the Ottoman Empire (Akçay 2021). Therefore, Heşt Bihişt was written in a literary style, embellished with many jokes and poetry examples (Özcan 1998: 272). In Heşt Bihişt, which consists of an introduction, eight chapters, each describing the era of a sultan, and a hatime section, each chapter started with a masnavi that is a preface of 50-100 couplets. These sections consist of an introduction, a subheading and a conclusion. Heşt Bihişt was also criticized in its time because it was a work containing 8000 lines of verses, couplets, odes and rubais. The author explained with reasons why he used such a style in the epilogue. However, this excess has sometimes caused confusion, inaccuracies and various chronological errors in the narration of events (Özcan 1998: 272). Hoca Sa'deddîn Efendi largely used Heşt Bihişt as a source while writing Tâcü't-Tevârîh, causing Tâcü't-Tevârîh to appear as a translation of Heşt Bihişt. Mustafâ Âlî of Gallipoli used Heşt Bihişt as a source while writing Künhü'l-Ahbâr, resulting in the work being evaluated as a summary translation of Heşt Bihişt. Müneccimbaşı Ahmed Dede also stated that he benefited from Heşt Bihişt while writing his general history book called Saha'ifü'l-Ahbârlı. Taşköprîzâde, one of the 16th century historians, showed Hasht Bihişt as the best history written until his time. The possibility that İdrîs-i Bitlisî used sources that have not survived to the present day is the most important feature of the work. Ménage stated that Heşt Bihişt has an undeserved value as a resource. Despite some criticisms, Heşt Bihişt is important in terms of the parts in which it gives information about the period in which the author lived (Özcan 1998: 272). Four important copies of Heşt Bihişt that have survived to the present day as the author's line are available, two each in Süleymaniye and Nuruosmaniye Libraries (Özcan 1998: 273). 38 copies of the work were identified in libraries abroad (Başaran 2000: 64-70) and 33 copies in domestic libraries (Yıldırım 2010: LXXIII-LXXXII). The author's son, Ebülfazl Mehmed Efendi, wrote down the events of the Yavuz Sultan Selîm period (1512-1520) under the name Zeyl-i Heşt Bihişta, based on his father's drafts. Heşt Bihişt was translated into Turkish by Abdülbâki Sa'dî Efendi by the order of Mahmud I in 1146/1733-34. There are many manuscript copies of this translation. Some parts of the book were quoted by Wilhelm Friedrich Carl Giese in 1929. Despite its fame, no serious study has been done on Heşt Bihişt, and only the sections belonging to the periods of Osman Bey and Orhan Bey were examined by Mehmed Şükrü Bey in 1934 (Özcan 1998: 273). Vural Genç did his master's degree on the Osman Gazi period of Heşt Bihişt (2007). Muhammed İbrahim Yıldırım prepared a doctoral thesis on the period of Mehmed the Conqueror (2010) and later published this work (2019). For the author's biography, see. "Idrîs, İdrîs-i Bitlisî". Turkish Literature Names Dictionary.
ISBN
978-9944-237-87-1
Madde Yazarı
Doç. Dr. ADNAN OKTAY
Alfabesi
Arap
Yapısı
Manzum-Mensur
Niteliği
Telif
Kaynakça
Akot, Bülent (2013). "Mevlânâ İdrîs-i Bitlisî ve Manzum Kırk Hadîs Tercümesi: Hadîs-i Çihil".İslâmî Araştırmalar Dergisi, 24 (2): 71-84.
Başaran, Orhan (2000).İdrîs-i Bitlisî’nin Heşt Bihişt’inin Hâtime’si (Metin-İnceleme-Çeviri). Doktora Tezi. Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi.
Genç, Vural, (2007).İdrîs-i Bitlisî, Heşt Bihişt, Osman Gazi Dönemi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul: Mimar Sinan Üniversitesi.
Imazawa, Koji (2005). “İdrîs-i Bitlîsî'nin Heşt Bihişt'inin İki Tip Nüshası Üzerine Bir İnceleme”.Belleten, 69 (256): 859-896.
İdrîs-i Bitlisî.Heşt Bihişt.Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi. Esad Efendi. Nu. 2197.
Mehmed Şükrü (1934).Osmanlı Devleti’nin Kuruluşu: Bitlisli İdrîs'in Heşt Bihişt Adlı Eserine Göre Tenkidî Araştırma. Ankara: Hakimiyeti Milliye Matbaası.
Özcan, Abdülkadir (1998). "Heşt Bihişt".İslâm Ansiklopedisi. C. 17. İstanbul: TDV Yay. 271-273.
Wilhelm, Friedrich Carl Giese (1929).Die Verschiedenen Textrezensionen des Asiqpasazade'de. Leipzig.
Yıldırım, Muhammed İbrahim (2010).İdrîs-i Bitlisî’nin Heşt Behişt’ine Göre Fatih Sultan Mehmed ve Dönemi. Doktora Tezi. İstanbul: Mimar Sinan Üniversitesi.
Yıldırım, Muhammed İbrahim (2019).İdrîs-i Bitlisî, Heşt Behişt, VII. Ketîbe, Fatih Sultan Mehmed Devri, 1451-1481. Ankara: TTK Yay.
Atıf Bilgileri
OKTAY, ADNAN. "HEŞT BİHİŞT / KİTÂBÜ’S-SIFÂTİ’S-SEMÂNİYYE FÎ ZİKRİ’L-KAYÂSIRETİ’L-OSMÂNİYYE (İDRÎS)".Türk Edebiyatı Eserler Sözlüğü,http://tees.yesevi.edu.tr/madde-detay/hest-bihist-kitabu-s-sifati-s-semaniyye-fi-zikri-l-kayasireti-l-osmaniyye-idris. [Erişim Tarihi: 25 Ağustos 2025].
