THE KING'S DICTIONARY (RASULID HEXAGLOT)

Name: THE KING'S DICTIONARY (RASULID HEXAGLOT)
Author: Unknown (?)

Title	THE KING'S DICTIONARY (RASULID HEXAGLOT)
Author	Unknown (?)
Publication Date:	02/11/2022
Subject	Written Literature / Divan Literature - six-lingual dictionary
Type	Book
Language	Undetermined
Digital	No
Manuscript	No
Library:	Dictionary of Turkish Literature Works
Record ID	kral-in-sozlugu-rasulid-hexaglot
Date	14th century
Notes	XIV. It is a dictionary from the 16th century, the author of which is unknown. The six-lingual (hexaglot) work was written by El-Meliku'l-Efḍal el-ʿAbbās b., the sixth sultan of the Rasûlî lineage in Yemen. ʿAlī b. Dāʾūd b. Yusuf b. ʿUmar b. It is part of a voluminous Arabic anthology called Fusûl Mecmûʻa fi'l-envâ ve'z-zurû ve'l-hisâd (Güner, 2017: 7), prepared for ʿAlî İbn Resūl (1363-1377) (Golden et al., 2000: 23). The dictionary between pages 186-206 (Varisco-Smith, 1998: 5) of the 542-page manuscript, which is a "real library" (Golden et al., 2000: 23) compiling various information on different disciplines such as astronomy, astrology, calendar/almanac, medicine, geography and politics, prepared in the name of Yemeni Turkmen ruler El-Meliku'l-Efdal, is Arabic, Persian, Turkish. It contains words of (Karakhanid-Kipjak-Oghuz), Mongolian, Greek (Byzantine Greek) and Armenian (Western/Cilician Armenian) origin. The order is arranged in parallel columns with word equivalents (Encylopedia-Iranica, 2009). It is thought that the information notes written on the margins belong to el-Melik el-Efdal (Varisco-Smith, 1998: 6, 211). While the Rasulu dynasty, which was first in the Abbasid and later in the Ayyubid armies and whose ancestry came from the Oghuzs (Turkmen), was responsible for ensuring public order in Yemen on behalf of the Ayyubids, over time it became the central authority. It became stronger with the earthquake and separated from the political framework of the Ayyubids in 1228 (Varisco and Smith 1998: 6-7; Smith, 1995: 455-456). The period of the ruler Al-Melik of the Prophets, who ruled the region for two centuries/1229-1454 (Tomar 2009: 221), is known as the stable period in which scientifically valuable works were prepared (Varisco, 1994: 3). There are 1800 words in the dictionary; Apart from the Arabic-Turkish "Appendices", the work is divided into two parts. The sections were not combined with the idea that the word lists were from different sources; to the first, the quintet/pentaglot (Kai-Lung, 2008: 37; Varisco-Smith, 1998: 186-206, 211); the other one is called triple/tetraglot (Kai-Lung, 2008: 38; Varisco-Smith, 1998: 198-205). The first of these is 6 columns-29 rows; the second is four columns; It consists of 29-31 lines and a single leaf consists of 45 lines and four columns (1998: 205). Word repetitions were made in the dictionary, which contains features specific to living folk languages rather than literary languages (Encylopedia-Iranica, 2009); It has been stated that some words that do not have equivalents in six languages sometimes have equivalents in three, four or five languages (Dankoff, 2001: 514). The lack of word equivalents, incorrect ordering and the writing system used made it difficult to read the text. For example, most words in Armenian and Mongolian can be deciphered with their equivalents in other languages (Strohmeyer, 2002: 273-274), or some sounds such as s, ts, and dz in Armenian are represented as s; The dz sound is sometimes rendered as ż (Varisco-Smith, 1984: 186; Golden et al., 2000: 20-21, 55, 61). Golden (et al. 2000: 50) explains the reasons for the irregularity in the work, which he likens to a collection of dictionaries, as combining more than one dictionary written at different times and taking the errors in them exactly. Markopoulos (2017: 288) does not find the dictionary original. A facsimile edition of the dictionary is made by Varisco-Smith (1998). Translation and text review are made under the editorship of Golden (et al. 2000); In 2001, Dankoff and Schönig introduced it with new reading suggestions and evaluations. Golden (1985), Strohmeyer (2002) on the Armenian and Greek vocabulary in the dictionary; Mongolian elements were studied by Kai-Lung. The researcher (2008: 37, 38-45) points out that Chinese borrowings came to the Iranian geography through the Ilkhanids during the Yuan dynasty, and argues that these elements come from Chinese individuals or sources rather than Near Asia-Uyghur; He also justifies the absence of some languages spoken in Near Asia, such as Kurdish-Syriac, for political reasons. In his thesis, Şahin (2017: 4) examines the Mongolian elements in the dictionary and draws attention to examples living today: "aran (people), er (male), em (female-female)", etc. Güner (2009, 2012, 2017), in his work based on the Golden edition, uses a mixed structure. Özgür (2012) examines the vocabulary of Mamluk-Kipchak Turkish with new interpretations, and Nahmedov and Doğan (2017: 214) examine the words and forms of Turkish origin, which they state to be a mixture of Oghuz-Kipchak, in their work, using linguistic data such as "erinç, sökti, terki, keyik", which are common with Dîvânu Lugâti't-Türk. Gezer (2017: 226-227) emphasizes the importance of the work in order to follow the Karakhanid-Khwarezm-Kipchak periods and to witness the semantic diversity in the words, due to its existence and archaic vocabulary such as "çilgü", about which a hapax was determined in Clauson.
ISBN	978-9944-237-87-1
Madde Yazarı	Doç. Dr. Rabia şenay şişman
Alfabesi	Arap
Yapısı	Mensur
Niteliği	Bilinmiyor
Kaynakça	Dankoff, R. (2001). “The King’s Dictionary. The Rasûlid Hexaglot: Fourteenth Century Vocabularies in Arabic, Percian, Turkic, Greek, Armenian ard Mongol. Translated by Tibor Halasi-Kun, Peter B. Golden, Louis Ligeti and Edmund Schütz with introduction by Peter B. Golden and Thomas T. Allsen. Edited with notes and commentary by Peter B. Golden Leiden, Boston, Köln. 2000”Handbook of Oriental Studies, section 8: Central Asia, vol. 4. Leiden; Brill 2000, Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol.121(3), s. 514-516. Encyclopedia Iranica (2009).Rasulid Hexaglot. www.iranicaonline.org/articles/rasulid-hexaglot Gezer, Hanife. (2017). "Resûlî Sözlüğü’nün Türkçe Söz Varlığı",Gazi Türkiyat(21). s.225-240. Golden, Peter. B. (2000). "The World of the Rasûlid Hexaglot". pp. 1-24.The King’s Dictionary: The Rasûlid Hexaglot (p.3).Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. https://brill.com/view/book Golden, P. B. (1985). "The Byzantine Greek Elements in the Rasûlid Hexaglot".Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi V1985 [1987], pp. 41-166. Golden, Peter B. vd. (2000).The King’s Dictionary The Rasûlid Hexaglot: Fourteenth Century Vocabularies in Arabic, Persian, Turkic, Greek, Armenian and Mongol Translated by Tibor Halasi-Kun, Peter B. Golden, Louis Ligeti and Edmund Schütz with introductory essays by Peter B. Golden and Thomas T. Allsen. Edited with notes and commentary by Peter B. Golden. Brill Leiden-Boston-Köln Güner, Galip. (2012). The King’s Dictionary: The Rasûlid Hexaglot Üzerine Düşünceler. Dil Araştırmaları. S. 10 s. 141-150. Güner, Galip. (2017).Resûlî Sözlüğü’nün Türkça Söz Varlığı. İstanbul: Kesit Yayınları. Kai-Lung, Ho. (2008). An Initial Study for Mongolian Factors Inside the “Rasûlid Hexaglot”.Central Asiatic Journalv. 52(1). pp. 36-54 Markopoulos, Theodore. (2017).The Rasûlid Hexaglot and The Development of The Greek Future.F. Lamber, R. J. Allan ve T. Markopoulas (eds). The Greek Future and its History pp. 288-306. Louvain-le-Neuve; Peters Publishers Nahmedov, Ahmet- Doğan, Cihan (2017). XIV. Yy. Memlûk-Kıpçak Sahasına Ait Rasûlid Hexaglot- Kral’ın Sözlüğü ve Oğuzca Unsurlar.VIII. Uluslararası Türk Dili Kurultayı.c. I , s. 189-215. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları. Özgür, Can (2012). "Binary-Multiple Words and Forms in the King’s Dictionary Having Six Languages, Written in the Field of Mamluk and Kipchak Written in the Field of Mamluk and Kipchak in the King’s Dictionary Having Six Languages/ Memlûk-Kıpçak Sahasında Yazılmış Altı Dilli Kral’ın Sözlüğünde İkili-Çoklu Kelime ve Şekiller".JASSS International Journal of Social Science.v. 5(2) s. 237-241. Schönig, Claus (2001). “The King’s Dictionary. The Rasûlid Hexaglot: Fourteenth Century Vocabularies in Arabic, Percian, Turkic, Greek, Armenian ard Mongol. Translated by Tibor Halasi-Kun, Peter B. Golden, Louis Ligeti and Edmund Schütz with introduction by Peter B. Golden and Thomas T. Allsen. Edited with notes and commentary by Peter B. Golden Leiden, Boston, Köln. 2000”.Turkic Languages,v. 5. pp. 297-312. Smith, Gerald. R. (1995).Rasulids. EI2 (İng), VIII, pp.455-457 https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/rasulid-hexaglot Strohmeyer, Virgil (2002). "The King's Dictionary: The Rasulid Hexaglot: Fourteenth Century Vocabularies in Arabic, Persian, Turkic, Greek, Armenian and Mongol by Tibor Halasi Kun, Peter B. Golden, Louis Ligeti and Edmond Schütz".Iran & the Caucasus,6(1/2) pp. 273-275. Published by Brill. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4030727 Şahin, Uğur. (2017).Rasûlid Hexaglot: The King’s Dictionary’nin Moğolca Söz Varlığı.(Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü. Tomar, Cengiz. (2009). "Yemen’de Bir Türk Devleti: Resûlîler ve Âlim Sultanları".Osmanlı Araştırmaları,XXXIII. s.221-236. Varisco, Daniel. M. (1994). “The Almanac Tradition in Yemen”,Medieval Agriculture and Islamic Science: The Almanac of a Yemeni Sultans. 10-19. Seattle- London. Varisco, D. M. & Smith, G. R. (eds).(1998).The Manuscript of al-Malik al-Afḍal al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAlī b. Dāʾūd b. Yusūf b. ʿUmar b. ʿAlī Ibn Rasūl (d. 778/1377): A Medieval Arabic Anthology from the Yemen, facsim.ed., Warminster, UK.
Atıf Bilgileri	şişman, rabia şenay. "KRAL'IN SÖZLÜĞÜ (RASÛLİD HEXAGLOT)".Türk Edebiyatı Eserler Sözlüğü,http://tees.yesevi.edu.tr/madde-detay/kral-in-sozlugu-rasulid-hexaglot. [Erişim Tarihi: 25 Ağustos 2025].

View in source Dictionary of Turkish Literature Works

Dictionary of Turkish Literature Works

THE KING'S DICTIONARY (RASULID HEXAGLOT)

Author Unknown (?)

Publication Date 02/11/2022

Subject Written Literature / Divan Literature - six-lingual dictionary

Type Book

Language Undetermined

Digital No

Manuscript No

Library Dictionary of Turkish Literature Works

Record ID kral-in-sozlugu-rasulid-hexaglot

Date 14th century

Notes XIV. It is a dictionary from the 16th century, the author of which is unknown. The six-lingual (hexaglot) work was written by El-Meliku'l-Efḍal el-ʿAbbās b., the sixth sultan of the Rasûlî lineage in Yemen. ʿAlī b. Dāʾūd b. Yusuf b. ʿUmar b. It is part of a voluminous Arabic anthology called Fusûl Mecmûʻa fi'l-envâ ve'z-zurû ve'l-hisâd (Güner, 2017: 7), prepared for ʿAlî İbn Resūl (1363-1377) (Golden et al., 2000: 23). The dictionary between pages 186-206 (Varisco-Smith, 1998: 5) of the 542-page manuscript, which is a "real library" (Golden et al., 2000: 23) compiling various information on different disciplines such as astronomy, astrology, calendar/almanac, medicine, geography and politics, prepared in the name of Yemeni Turkmen ruler El-Meliku'l-Efdal, is Arabic, Persian, Turkish. It contains words of (Karakhanid-Kipjak-Oghuz), Mongolian, Greek (Byzantine Greek) and Armenian (Western/Cilician Armenian) origin. The order is arranged in parallel columns with word equivalents (Encylopedia-Iranica, 2009). It is thought that the information notes written on the margins belong to el-Melik el-Efdal (Varisco-Smith, 1998: 6, 211). While the Rasulu dynasty, which was first in the Abbasid and later in the Ayyubid armies and whose ancestry came from the Oghuzs (Turkmen), was responsible for ensuring public order in Yemen on behalf of the Ayyubids, over time it became the central authority. It became stronger with the earthquake and separated from the political framework of the Ayyubids in 1228 (Varisco and Smith 1998: 6-7; Smith, 1995: 455-456). The period of the ruler Al-Melik of the Prophets, who ruled the region for two centuries/1229-1454 (Tomar 2009: 221), is known as the stable period in which scientifically valuable works were prepared (Varisco, 1994: 3). There are 1800 words in the dictionary; Apart from the Arabic-Turkish "Appendices", the work is divided into two parts. The sections were not combined with the idea that the word lists were from different sources; to the first, the quintet/pentaglot (Kai-Lung, 2008: 37; Varisco-Smith, 1998: 186-206, 211); the other one is called triple/tetraglot (Kai-Lung, 2008: 38; Varisco-Smith, 1998: 198-205). The first of these is 6 columns-29 rows; the second is four columns; It consists of 29-31 lines and a single leaf consists of 45 lines and four columns (1998: 205). Word repetitions were made in the dictionary, which contains features specific to living folk languages rather than literary languages (Encylopedia-Iranica, 2009); It has been stated that some words that do not have equivalents in six languages sometimes have equivalents in three, four or five languages (Dankoff, 2001: 514). The lack of word equivalents, incorrect ordering and the writing system used made it difficult to read the text. For example, most words in Armenian and Mongolian can be deciphered with their equivalents in other languages (Strohmeyer, 2002: 273-274), or some sounds such as s, ts, and dz in Armenian are represented as s; The dz sound is sometimes rendered as ż (Varisco-Smith, 1984: 186; Golden et al., 2000: 20-21, 55, 61). Golden (et al. 2000: 50) explains the reasons for the irregularity in the work, which he likens to a collection of dictionaries, as combining more than one dictionary written at different times and taking the errors in them exactly. Markopoulos (2017: 288) does not find the dictionary original. A facsimile edition of the dictionary is made by Varisco-Smith (1998). Translation and text review are made under the editorship of Golden (et al. 2000); In 2001, Dankoff and Schönig introduced it with new reading suggestions and evaluations. Golden (1985), Strohmeyer (2002) on the Armenian and Greek vocabulary in the dictionary; Mongolian elements were studied by Kai-Lung. The researcher (2008: 37, 38-45) points out that Chinese borrowings came to the Iranian geography through the Ilkhanids during the Yuan dynasty, and argues that these elements come from Chinese individuals or sources rather than Near Asia-Uyghur; He also justifies the absence of some languages spoken in Near Asia, such as Kurdish-Syriac, for political reasons. In his thesis, Şahin (2017: 4) examines the Mongolian elements in the dictionary and draws attention to examples living today: "aran (people), er (male), em (female-female)", etc. Güner (2009, 2012, 2017), in his work based on the Golden edition, uses a mixed structure. Özgür (2012) examines the vocabulary of Mamluk-Kipchak Turkish with new interpretations, and Nahmedov and Doğan (2017: 214) examine the words and forms of Turkish origin, which they state to be a mixture of Oghuz-Kipchak, in their work, using linguistic data such as "erinç, sökti, terki, keyik", which are common with Dîvânu Lugâti't-Türk. Gezer (2017: 226-227) emphasizes the importance of the work in order to follow the Karakhanid-Khwarezm-Kipchak periods and to witness the semantic diversity in the words, due to its existence and archaic vocabulary such as "çilgü", about which a hapax was determined in Clauson.

ISBN 978-9944-237-87-1

Madde Yazarı Doç. Dr. Rabia şenay şişman

Alfabesi Arap

Yapısı Mensur

Niteliği Bilinmiyor

Kaynakça Dankoff, R. (2001). “The King’s Dictionary. The Rasûlid Hexaglot: Fourteenth Century Vocabularies in Arabic, Percian, Turkic, Greek, Armenian ard Mongol. Translated by Tibor Halasi-Kun, Peter B. Golden, Louis Ligeti and Edmund Schütz with introduction by Peter B. Golden and Thomas T. Allsen. Edited with notes and commentary by Peter B. Golden Leiden, Boston, Köln. 2000”Handbook of Oriental Studies, section 8: Central Asia, vol. 4. Leiden; Brill 2000, Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol.121(3), s. 514-516. Encyclopedia Iranica (2009).Rasulid Hexaglot. www.iranicaonline.org/articles/rasulid-hexaglot Gezer, Hanife. (2017). "Resûlî Sözlüğü’nün Türkçe Söz Varlığı",Gazi Türkiyat(21). s.225-240. Golden, Peter. B. (2000). "The World of the Rasûlid Hexaglot". pp. 1-24.The King’s Dictionary: The Rasûlid Hexaglot (p.3).Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. https://brill.com/view/book Golden, P. B. (1985). "The Byzantine Greek Elements in the Rasûlid Hexaglot".Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi V1985 [1987], pp. 41-166. Golden, Peter B. vd. (2000).The King’s Dictionary The Rasûlid Hexaglot: Fourteenth Century Vocabularies in Arabic, Persian, Turkic, Greek, Armenian and Mongol Translated by Tibor Halasi-Kun, Peter B. Golden, Louis Ligeti and Edmund Schütz with introductory essays by Peter B. Golden and Thomas T. Allsen. Edited with notes and commentary by Peter B. Golden. Brill Leiden-Boston-Köln Güner, Galip. (2012). The King’s Dictionary: The Rasûlid Hexaglot Üzerine Düşünceler. Dil Araştırmaları. S. 10 s. 141-150. Güner, Galip. (2017).Resûlî Sözlüğü’nün Türkça Söz Varlığı. İstanbul: Kesit Yayınları. Kai-Lung, Ho. (2008). An Initial Study for Mongolian Factors Inside the “Rasûlid Hexaglot”.Central Asiatic Journalv. 52(1). pp. 36-54 Markopoulos, Theodore. (2017).The Rasûlid Hexaglot and The Development of The Greek Future.F. Lamber, R. J. Allan ve T. Markopoulas (eds). The Greek Future and its History pp. 288-306. Louvain-le-Neuve; Peters Publishers Nahmedov, Ahmet- Doğan, Cihan (2017). XIV. Yy. Memlûk-Kıpçak Sahasına Ait Rasûlid Hexaglot- Kral’ın Sözlüğü ve Oğuzca Unsurlar.VIII. Uluslararası Türk Dili Kurultayı.c. I , s. 189-215. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları. Özgür, Can (2012). "Binary-Multiple Words and Forms in the King’s Dictionary Having Six Languages, Written in the Field of Mamluk and Kipchak Written in the Field of Mamluk and Kipchak in the King’s Dictionary Having Six Languages/ Memlûk-Kıpçak Sahasında Yazılmış Altı Dilli Kral’ın Sözlüğünde İkili-Çoklu Kelime ve Şekiller".JASSS International Journal of Social Science.v. 5(2) s. 237-241. Schönig, Claus (2001). “The King’s Dictionary. The Rasûlid Hexaglot: Fourteenth Century Vocabularies in Arabic, Percian, Turkic, Greek, Armenian ard Mongol. Translated by Tibor Halasi-Kun, Peter B. Golden, Louis Ligeti and Edmund Schütz with introduction by Peter B. Golden and Thomas T. Allsen. Edited with notes and commentary by Peter B. Golden Leiden, Boston, Köln. 2000”.Turkic Languages,v. 5. pp. 297-312. Smith, Gerald. R. (1995).Rasulids. EI2 (İng), VIII, pp.455-457 https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/rasulid-hexaglot Strohmeyer, Virgil (2002). "The King's Dictionary: The Rasulid Hexaglot: Fourteenth Century Vocabularies in Arabic, Persian, Turkic, Greek, Armenian and Mongol by Tibor Halasi Kun, Peter B. Golden, Louis Ligeti and Edmond Schütz".Iran & the Caucasus,6(1/2) pp. 273-275. Published by Brill. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4030727 Şahin, Uğur. (2017).Rasûlid Hexaglot: The King’s Dictionary’nin Moğolca Söz Varlığı.(Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü. Tomar, Cengiz. (2009). "Yemen’de Bir Türk Devleti: Resûlîler ve Âlim Sultanları".Osmanlı Araştırmaları,XXXIII. s.221-236. Varisco, Daniel. M. (1994). “The Almanac Tradition in Yemen”,Medieval Agriculture and Islamic Science: The Almanac of a Yemeni Sultans. 10-19. Seattle- London. Varisco, D. M. & Smith, G. R. (eds).(1998).The Manuscript of al-Malik al-Afḍal al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAlī b. Dāʾūd b. Yusūf b. ʿUmar b. ʿAlī Ibn Rasūl (d. 778/1377): A Medieval Arabic Anthology from the Yemen, facsim.ed., Warminster, UK.

Atıf Bilgileri şişman, rabia şenay. "KRAL'IN SÖZLÜĞÜ (RASÛLİD HEXAGLOT)".Türk Edebiyatı Eserler Sözlüğü,http://tees.yesevi.edu.tr/madde-detay/kral-in-sozlugu-rasulid-hexaglot. [Erişim Tarihi: 25 Ağustos 2025].