DIVÂN (MAHTUMKULU FIRÂKİ)

Name: DIVÂN (MAHTUMKULU FIRÂKİ)
Author: Mahtumkulu Firaki (b. 1136/1724- d. 1221-1807)

Title	DIVÂN (MAHTUMKULU FIRÂKİ)
Author	Mahtumkulu Firaki (b. 1136/1724- d. 1221-1807)
Publication Date:	03/04/2022
Subject	Written Literature / Divan Literature - poems
Type	Book
Language	Undetermined
Digital	No
Manuscript	No
Library:	Dictionary of Turkish Literature Works
Record ID	divan-mahtumkulu-firaki
Date	?
Notes	The work consisting of the poems of Mahtumkulu Firâki (d. 1136/1724 - d. 1221-1807), one of the most important representatives of Turkmen Literature in the 18th century and who pioneered Turkmen to become a written language. The existing copies of Mahtumkulu Dîvânı were evaluated and in its last edition made by Aşırov in 2013 (2023)666 There are poems. According to the verse types in the Dîvân, there are 58 monotheisms, 21 munacats, 15 naats, 15 satires, 10 elegies; According to the verse forms, there are 52 ghazals, 2 kasides, 535 murabbas, 47 muhammes, 7 müseddes, 4 müsebba, 1 müsemmen, 2 mütessa, 1 muaşşer, 10 poemas (long poems). In addition, the poet also has 2 manuscripts that need to be categorized separately in terms of genre or verse technique. 176 of the poems mentioned were composed by Turkmen musicians. In these poems written in a loving and wise style, the idea that scattered Turkmen tribes should unite, the ideal of establishing an independent state, love of homeland and people, political and social criticism, philosophical views, moral sensitivities, Sufi traces and advice are expressed. The number of manuscript copies recorded in different parts of the world about Mahtumkulu is around 350 (Aşırov 2014: 9, 368). 80 of these copies are in the Turkmenistan National Manuscripts Institute. However, the copies copied by the poet in his own handwriting have not survived to the present day due to various reasons. Although its existence is not available, according to the information given by İlaman Nurıoğlu in 1940, it was recorded that Mahtumkulu's largest book, which contains all his works, was called "Külliyatı Magtımgulı" and that this Divan was owned by a person named Orazmämmet İşanlar. This information is provided by Gara İşan, İ., who mentions the existence of poems written by the poet in his own handwriting. Belyayev supports the views of Recep Muham Ussa and Toylı Cäcek (Aşırov 1984:10; 2014: 56-58). The first critical text of Dîvân is based on the work titled "Description of Magtimgulın Goslices" prepared by Annagurban Aşırov in 1984. The information in this work is discussed in more detail in the book titled “Magtımgulınıň Golyazmalarıň Derňevi” published in 2014. The two-volume work published by Nurmuhammet Aşurpur in 2009 is the most comprehensive study on the poet's critical text. Here, using 16 copies, the copies of Mahtumkulu in Turkmenistan and Iran were compared. There are also Mahtumkulu copies in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Russia, Hungary and England. The Karabebek copy found in the Turkmensahra region of Iran and the Mangışlak copy dated 1779 found in Kazakhstan are thought to be the oldest copies copied during the poet's lifetime (Rahimidashliboroon 2018: 52). One of the most reliable copies in terms of the divan writing tradition is the Mollanepes copy with archive number 5529, which was printed as a facsimile by TİKA in 2014. The copies with archive numbers 76, 250,281, 307, 400 registered in the Turkmenistan National Manuscripts Institute are the most voluminous and important ones (Orazov 2014: 3). In the introduction of the work, which is a facsimile edition of TİKA, it is emphasized that the copy numbered 400 is the oldest dated copy in Turkmenistan, with reference to B. Garrıyev's article "Magtımgulınň Dörediciligi Baradakı Manuscripts" (Aşırov and Muslu 2014: 8-9). Important studies on Mahtumkulu started more than a hundred years ago, in the second half of the 20th century. has also gained momentum. In addition to orientalists such as Samoyloviç, Bartold, Bertels and Berezin, Turkmen scholars such as M. Kösäyev, B. Garrıyev and N. Aşırpur Meredov are some of those who have conducted important research on the subject. After the "Mahtumkulu Divan" prepared by the late Himmet Biray was published, very comprehensive research began to be carried out in Turkey (Azmun 2012: 86). The last study on the Mahtumkulu Divan was published by Annagurban Aşırov in 2013. This study, prepared in two volumes, was translated into Turkish by a scientific committee established at the Ankara Embassy of Turkmenistan and published by TURKSOY in 2014 on the occasion of the 290th anniversary of his birth.
ISBN	978-9944-237-87-1
Madde Yazarı	Dr. Emrah Yılmaz
Alfabesi	Arap
Yapısı	Manzum-Mensur
Niteliği	Telif
Kaynakça	Aşırov, Annagurban (1984).Magtımgulınıň Golyazmalarınıň Tesviri. Aşgabat: Ilım. Aşırov, Annagurban (2013).Magtımgulı Eserler Yıgındısı. Aşgabat: MGI. Aşırov, Annagurban (2014).Mahtumkulu Bütün Eserleri, 2 Cilt.(Akt. Abdurrahman Güzel, Ali Duymaz, Berdi Sarıyev, Nergis Biray, Hamiye Duran, İlteriş Kutlu, Emrah Yılmaz). Ankara: TÜRKSOY Yay. Aşırov, Annagurban ve Muslu, Ali (2014).Mahtumkulu Dîvânı (Mollanefes'in Elyazma Nüshası). Ankara: TİKA Merkez Matbacılık. Aşurpur, Nurmuhammet (2009).Dîvâne Mahtumkulı, Metne Entegâdi Cild 1-2, İntişârâte Mahtumkulı Firâgi. Gorgân. Azmun, Yusuf (2012). “Türkmen Şairi Magtımgulı ve Onun Eserleri Hakkında Bilinmesi Gereken Konular-1”,TDK Belleten, (1): 85-122. Orazov, Orazsähet (2014). "Magtımgulınıň Golyazmalarınıň Tesviri".Türkmen Dili Gazetesi(12 Mart 2014). Rahimidashliboroon, Yaghoob (2018).Mahtumkulu’nun Şiir Üslûbu. Doktora Tezi. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi. Sarıyev, Berdi (2014).Klasik Düşüncenin Türkmen Mimarları: Devletmehmet Azadi ve Oğlu Mahtumkulu. İstanbul: Akademik Kitaplar. Yılmaz, Emrah (2016).Mahtumkulu Eserlerinin Deyimler Sözlüğü. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
Atıf Bilgileri	Yılmaz, Emrah. "DÎVÂN (MAHTUMKULU FİRÂKÎ)".Türk Edebiyatı Eserler Sözlüğü,http://tees.yesevi.edu.tr/madde-detay/divan-mahtumkulu-firaki. [Erişim Tarihi: 25 Ağustos 2025].

View in source Dictionary of Turkish Literature Works

Dictionary of Turkish Literature Works

DIVÂN (MAHTUMKULU FIRÂKİ)

Author Mahtumkulu Firaki (b. 1136/1724- d. 1221-1807)

Publication Date 03/04/2022

Subject Written Literature / Divan Literature - poems

Type Book

Language Undetermined

Digital No

Manuscript No

Library Dictionary of Turkish Literature Works

Record ID divan-mahtumkulu-firaki

Date ?

Notes The work consisting of the poems of Mahtumkulu Firâki (d. 1136/1724 - d. 1221-1807), one of the most important representatives of Turkmen Literature in the 18th century and who pioneered Turkmen to become a written language. The existing copies of Mahtumkulu Dîvânı were evaluated and in its last edition made by Aşırov in 2013 (2023)666 There are poems. According to the verse types in the Dîvân, there are 58 monotheisms, 21 munacats, 15 naats, 15 satires, 10 elegies; According to the verse forms, there are 52 ghazals, 2 kasides, 535 murabbas, 47 muhammes, 7 müseddes, 4 müsebba, 1 müsemmen, 2 mütessa, 1 muaşşer, 10 poemas (long poems). In addition, the poet also has 2 manuscripts that need to be categorized separately in terms of genre or verse technique. 176 of the poems mentioned were composed by Turkmen musicians. In these poems written in a loving and wise style, the idea that scattered Turkmen tribes should unite, the ideal of establishing an independent state, love of homeland and people, political and social criticism, philosophical views, moral sensitivities, Sufi traces and advice are expressed. The number of manuscript copies recorded in different parts of the world about Mahtumkulu is around 350 (Aşırov 2014: 9, 368). 80 of these copies are in the Turkmenistan National Manuscripts Institute. However, the copies copied by the poet in his own handwriting have not survived to the present day due to various reasons. Although its existence is not available, according to the information given by İlaman Nurıoğlu in 1940, it was recorded that Mahtumkulu's largest book, which contains all his works, was called "Külliyatı Magtımgulı" and that this Divan was owned by a person named Orazmämmet İşanlar. This information is provided by Gara İşan, İ., who mentions the existence of poems written by the poet in his own handwriting. Belyayev supports the views of Recep Muham Ussa and Toylı Cäcek (Aşırov 1984:10; 2014: 56-58). The first critical text of Dîvân is based on the work titled "Description of Magtimgulın Goslices" prepared by Annagurban Aşırov in 1984. The information in this work is discussed in more detail in the book titled “Magtımgulınıň Golyazmalarıň Derňevi” published in 2014. The two-volume work published by Nurmuhammet Aşurpur in 2009 is the most comprehensive study on the poet's critical text. Here, using 16 copies, the copies of Mahtumkulu in Turkmenistan and Iran were compared. There are also Mahtumkulu copies in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Russia, Hungary and England. The Karabebek copy found in the Turkmensahra region of Iran and the Mangışlak copy dated 1779 found in Kazakhstan are thought to be the oldest copies copied during the poet's lifetime (Rahimidashliboroon 2018: 52). One of the most reliable copies in terms of the divan writing tradition is the Mollanepes copy with archive number 5529, which was printed as a facsimile by TİKA in 2014. The copies with archive numbers 76, 250,281, 307, 400 registered in the Turkmenistan National Manuscripts Institute are the most voluminous and important ones (Orazov 2014: 3). In the introduction of the work, which is a facsimile edition of TİKA, it is emphasized that the copy numbered 400 is the oldest dated copy in Turkmenistan, with reference to B. Garrıyev's article "Magtımgulınň Dörediciligi Baradakı Manuscripts" (Aşırov and Muslu 2014: 8-9). Important studies on Mahtumkulu started more than a hundred years ago, in the second half of the 20th century. has also gained momentum. In addition to orientalists such as Samoyloviç, Bartold, Bertels and Berezin, Turkmen scholars such as M. Kösäyev, B. Garrıyev and N. Aşırpur Meredov are some of those who have conducted important research on the subject. After the "Mahtumkulu Divan" prepared by the late Himmet Biray was published, very comprehensive research began to be carried out in Turkey (Azmun 2012: 86). The last study on the Mahtumkulu Divan was published by Annagurban Aşırov in 2013. This study, prepared in two volumes, was translated into Turkish by a scientific committee established at the Ankara Embassy of Turkmenistan and published by TURKSOY in 2014 on the occasion of the 290th anniversary of his birth.

ISBN 978-9944-237-87-1

Madde Yazarı Dr. Emrah Yılmaz

Alfabesi Arap

Yapısı Manzum-Mensur

Niteliği Telif

Kaynakça Aşırov, Annagurban (1984).Magtımgulınıň Golyazmalarınıň Tesviri. Aşgabat: Ilım. Aşırov, Annagurban (2013).Magtımgulı Eserler Yıgındısı. Aşgabat: MGI. Aşırov, Annagurban (2014).Mahtumkulu Bütün Eserleri, 2 Cilt.(Akt. Abdurrahman Güzel, Ali Duymaz, Berdi Sarıyev, Nergis Biray, Hamiye Duran, İlteriş Kutlu, Emrah Yılmaz). Ankara: TÜRKSOY Yay. Aşırov, Annagurban ve Muslu, Ali (2014).Mahtumkulu Dîvânı (Mollanefes'in Elyazma Nüshası). Ankara: TİKA Merkez Matbacılık. Aşurpur, Nurmuhammet (2009).Dîvâne Mahtumkulı, Metne Entegâdi Cild 1-2, İntişârâte Mahtumkulı Firâgi. Gorgân. Azmun, Yusuf (2012). “Türkmen Şairi Magtımgulı ve Onun Eserleri Hakkında Bilinmesi Gereken Konular-1”,TDK Belleten, (1): 85-122. Orazov, Orazsähet (2014). "Magtımgulınıň Golyazmalarınıň Tesviri".Türkmen Dili Gazetesi(12 Mart 2014). Rahimidashliboroon, Yaghoob (2018).Mahtumkulu’nun Şiir Üslûbu. Doktora Tezi. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi. Sarıyev, Berdi (2014).Klasik Düşüncenin Türkmen Mimarları: Devletmehmet Azadi ve Oğlu Mahtumkulu. İstanbul: Akademik Kitaplar. Yılmaz, Emrah (2016).Mahtumkulu Eserlerinin Deyimler Sözlüğü. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.

Atıf Bilgileri Yılmaz, Emrah. "DÎVÂN (MAHTUMKULU FİRÂKÎ)".Türk Edebiyatı Eserler Sözlüğü,http://tees.yesevi.edu.tr/madde-detay/divan-mahtumkulu-firaki. [Erişim Tarihi: 25 Ağustos 2025].