Author
Kurt, Emine, Gürses, İbrahim
Publication Place
Hits University -
Hits University
Subject
Hittite Journal of Theology, 2024-12, Vol.23 (2), p.842-869
Type
Book
Language
ara,eng,tur
Digital
Yes
Manuscript
No
Library
Leitir Library
Library Asset ID
ISSN: 2757-6949, EISSN: 2757-6949, DOI: 10.14395/hid.1531151
Record ID
cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_aba00d46ec0d457c8a7e6c07e5fae485
Library Location
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
Notes
Cancer is not only a global health problem with increasing case numbers and mortality rates, but also an important crisis with psychosocial and spiritual dimensions. Patients often ask questions such as "why me?", "why did I get cancer?", "why did God give this to me?" Questions such as these show that cancer is an existential and spiritual crisis that shakes the individual's world of meaning and belief. These inquiries and searches for the cause of cancer reflect the patient's attempt to find meaning in the cancer experience. The search for meaning involves the need to understand why a crisis is occurring and what its impact is. One of the ways meaning is considered is through causal attributions. When it comes to cancer, there are many known causal factors, such as environmental factors, luck, stress, heredity, diet or certain carcinogens. On the other hand, in life-threatening diseases such as cancer and in daily life, people do not only make secular attributions such as lifestyle and luck. Many people use religious attributions such as "God's will, wisdom, destiny, God's will" to explain the causes of traumatic and helpless events, as well as ordinary events in daily life. Especially in the face of life's distressing events such as disasters, death and serious illnesses, people's search for meaning deepens. Here, religion, as a broad meaning system, guides people in finding the answers they are looking for. Just as causal attributions affect psychosocial well-being in cancer patients in relation to a sense of personal control, referring to religious/spiritual factors such as "God's will, God's will" can strengthen the sense of hope and control in the face of cancer. While interpreting a traumatic event as good and seeking wisdom in it increases psychosocial adaptation; Negative spiritual evaluations, such as spiritual conflict and the perception of a punishing and wrathful God, can make adaptation difficult. Therefore, knowing and understanding the causal attributions regarding cancer in cancer patients is very important in terms of the course of the disease process and treatment approaches. For this reason, the aim of this research was determined to examine the causal explanations that have important connections with various aspects and dimensions of cancer in Muslim Turkish cancer patients and the place of religious attributions in these explanations. As a research method, the phenomenological approach, one of the qualitative research designs, was taken as a basis in order to "reveal the experiences and meanings" of the patients regarding the phenomenon of cancer. The data was obtained as a result of interviews with 11 female patients diagnosed with breast cancer who received outpatient treatment at Bursa Ali Osman Sönmez Oncology Hospital. The data obtained was subjected to content analysis using the MAXQDA 20 program. As a result of the research, causal explanations for cancer were divided into two categories: "non-religious attributions" and "religious attributions". Non-religious attributions were coded as "stress and distress", "heredity", "smoking" and "unhealthy diet". Among these, the code with the highest frequency was "stress and distress", while the code with the lowest frequency was "unhealthy nutrition". In religious attributions, four codes are defined as "test", "love", "discipline" and "appreciation". Among religious attributions, the highest frequency reference was "test" and the lowest reference was "appreciation". It was determined that the patients in this study turned to religious attributions more than other attributions in causal explanations for cancer, but they referred to more than one factor at the same time (test, stress, etc.), especially religious attributions. This finding was interpreted as patients accepting that both they and God have authority over the causes of cancer. Another important result reached in the context of the study group of this research is that religious attributions have an important role not only in making sense of and explaining cancer, but also as a source of coping and spiritual development. It has also been determined that patients who interpret cancer as "a test from God" or as a result of "being God's beloved servant" feel more valuable as a servant in the presence of God and accept the disease more easily. This result shows that positive religious attributions have an effect on increasing self-esteem in cancer patients. The findings and results obtained in the context of the limitations of this study show that religious attributions in cancer patients are an important issue that should be examined in advanced studies in large sample groups including different cancer types and stages. In addition, it is recommended to conduct research on religious attributions and their relationship and mediating role with different variables (psycho-social adaptation, coping, depression, anxiety, etc.) in order to plan effective support interventions and models for oncology spiritual counseling, which is just at the beginning of the road in our country.
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