Reinterpretation of the Problem of Evil in Kalam Science

Name: Reinterpretation of the Problem of Evil in Kalam Science
Author: ARSLAN, Hulusi

Title	Reinterpretation of the Problem of Evil in Kalam Science
Author	ARSLAN, Hulusi
Publication Place	Firat University - Firat University
Subject	Fırat University Faculty of Theology journal, 2023-12, Vol.28 (2), p.17-32
Type	Book
Language	ara,tur
Digital	Yes
Manuscript	No
Library:	Leitir Library
Library Asset ID	ISSN: 1304-639X, DOI: 10.58568/firatilahiyat.1351021
Record ID	cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_3699d7d9f7d646f5bfd8ba40c1de7893
Library Location	DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals)
Notes	The problem of evil is the problem of reconciling the evils of the world with God's basic attributes and justice. Throughout their lives, people encounter painful events caused by nature and other people. In addition, especially in divine religions, it is believed that God created everything. Why God, who knows everything, has all power, and is also just and merciful, creates evil has been discussed as a problem by scientists and thinkers for a long time. Today, the problem of evil is used by atheists sometimes as evidence against religion and sometimes as philosophical evidence for the non-existence of God, and it now has a shocking effect on people's beliefs in social media environments. The purpose of this article is to answer the doubts and complaints surrounding the problem of evil. Undoubtedly, many studies have been conducted on such a topic that remains up-to-date. The subject, which is basically examined as natural and moral evil in the philosophy of religion, is examined under the titles such as justice and cruelty, good and evil, will and power in classical theology. In this study, the subject is examined in terms of the relationship between the subject and object of evil, and attention is drawn to the role of humans in the formation of evil. In this context, general information introductory to the problem of evil is presented in the introduction. In the second stage, how the problem of evil was addressed in philosophical and theological traditions and especially the approaches of classical theological schools to the problem of evil were examined. In the later sections of the study, the subject was tried to be reinterpreted under different headings. In this context, it has been evaluated that some of the doubts and questions about the problem of evil arise from ignorance of religion, and some arise from interpretations perceived as religion within the tradition. In order to find a solution to the problem, it was pointed out that the concept of God, known for its power and authority, which came to the fore in the classical period, should be reconsidered. When it comes to the religion of Islam, God should be considered as a being who knows everything, has absolute will and power, creates the entire universe for good purposes, has justice and mercy, and gives countless graces and blessings to humans. There are enough verses of the Quran to support this idea. The problem of evil sometimes arises from the perception of the God-nature relationship as the God-human relationship. However, God created the order of the universe for the formation of life in nature and made it suitable for the survival of all living things, especially humans. Natural phenomena and events in nature continue in accordance with the natural laws established by God. Diseases, fires, earthquakes, floods, storms, volcanic eruptions, rains, floods and lightning, which are seen as evil, are not events created by God to directly harm humans. The harm that these cause to humans is mostly due to the negative relationship humans establish with nature. People can prevent harm from nature by taking precautions. However, human beings, who pollute the air, water and forests, and who do not build their buildings in appropriate places and in a sound manner, hastily attribute the evil they cause to God. However, when examined carefully, the countless blessings in nature show that the universe was created by God as a system of goodness. God created man in such a world to test him. The purpose of the test is the happiness of man in this world and the hereafter. In this case, God's entire will is for good. Evil arises from the use of free will and other opportunities given to humans for evil. Therefore, evil arises from man's relationship with nature and other people. At this point, the issue of fate is an issue that is often misunderstood. Destiny is the natural and moral laws imposed by Allah Almighty for the order of nature and human life. Destiny is a world of possibilities and never forces anyone to act. In order to solve the problem of evil, it is necessary to first rebuild a vision of God whose whole purpose is good. Issues such as test, fate, death, and sustenance need to be reinterpreted according to this imagination. In addition, ways to access accurate religious information on social media should be facilitated with methods appropriate to the needs of the day. The problem of evil is the problem of reconciling the world's afflictions with the fundamental attributes and justice of God. During their lives people encounter painful events originating from nature and other individuals. Furthermore, it is believed that God created everything, particularly in divine religions. Scholars and thinkers have debated for centuries why an omniscient, omnipotent, just, and compassionate God would create evil. The problem of evil is sometimes employed by atheists as evidence against religion, and at times as philosophical evidence for the absence of God. Nowadays, it exerts a profound impact on people's beliefs within social media platforms. This article aims to address doubts and objections surrounding the problem of evil. Numerous studies have been conducted on this current issue. The subject, which is basically examined as natural and moral evil in the philosophy of religion, has been examined under the titles such as justice and cruelty, goodness and evil, will and power in classical theology. In this study, the subject is examined in terms of the relationship between the subject of evil and its object, and attention is drawn to the role of man in the formation of evil. In this context, a general overview of the problem of evil is presented in the introduction. The second section delves into how the problem of evil is approached in philosophical and theological traditions, specifically examining the viewpoints of classical kalam schools. In the later parts of the study, the subject has been tried to be reinterpreted under different titles. Within this framework, it is suggested that some doubts and questions about the problem of evil arise from a lack of understanding of religion, while others stem from interpretations perceived as religious within the tradition. To propose a solution to the problem, the concept of God, known for its power and authority in classical times, should be reevaluated. In the context of Islam, God should be considered as an entity possessing complete knowledge, absolute will and power, and creating the universe for goodness, possesses justice and mercy and bestows numerous blessings upon humanity. This perspective finds ample support in the verses of the Qur'an. The problem of evil sometimes emerges from misconceiving the relationship between God and nature as equivalent to a God-human relationship. However, God designed the universe's order to support the emergence of life in nature and make it conducive to the lives of all living beings, particularly humans. Natural phenomena and events unfold by the laws set by Allah. Evils such as diseases, fires, earthquakes, floods, storms, volcanic eruptions, rain, and lightning are not events directly orchestrated by God to harm humans. The harm they cause is primarily a result of humans' negative interactions with nature. Precautions can mitigate these harms. Yet, humans who pollute air, water, and forests and build poorly located structures hastily attribute the resulting evils to God. A careful examination of the numerous blessings in nature underscores that the universe was created by God as a benevolent order. God created humanity to undergo tests within such a world, aiming for human happiness in both this world and the hereafter. Thus, the entirety of God's will be goodness. Evil, conversely, arises from humanity's exercise of free will and the potential to commit malevolent acts. In conclusion, evil stems from human interactions with nature and fellow beings. Destiny is another frequently misconstructed aspect. It refers to the natural and moral laws established by Almighty Allah to govern the order of nature and human existence. Destiny presents a realm of possibilities and does not coerce anyone's actions. To address the problem of evil, the portrayal of God, whose sole intent is good, must be reconstructed. Additionally, concepts like testing, fate, death, and sustenance need to be reinterpreted in alignment with this conception. Furthermore, methods that facilitate the acquisition of accurate religious information through social media should be developed to suit contemporary requirements.
Detaylı Başlık	Kelam İlminde Kötülük Probleminin Yeniden Yorumlanması

View in source Leitir Library Leitir Library - Historical works, archives, and periodicals search engine

Leitir Library

Reinterpretation of the Problem of Evil in Kalam Science

Author ARSLAN, Hulusi

Publication Place Firat University - Firat University

Subject Fırat University Faculty of Theology journal, 2023-12, Vol.28 (2), p.17-32

Type Book

Language ara,tur

Digital Yes

Manuscript No

Library Leitir Library

Library Asset ID ISSN: 1304-639X, DOI: 10.58568/firatilahiyat.1351021

Record ID cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_3699d7d9f7d646f5bfd8ba40c1de7893

Library Location DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals)

Notes The problem of evil is the problem of reconciling the evils of the world with God's basic attributes and justice. Throughout their lives, people encounter painful events caused by nature and other people. In addition, especially in divine religions, it is believed that God created everything. Why God, who knows everything, has all power, and is also just and merciful, creates evil has been discussed as a problem by scientists and thinkers for a long time. Today, the problem of evil is used by atheists sometimes as evidence against religion and sometimes as philosophical evidence for the non-existence of God, and it now has a shocking effect on people's beliefs in social media environments. The purpose of this article is to answer the doubts and complaints surrounding the problem of evil. Undoubtedly, many studies have been conducted on such a topic that remains up-to-date. The subject, which is basically examined as natural and moral evil in the philosophy of religion, is examined under the titles such as justice and cruelty, good and evil, will and power in classical theology. In this study, the subject is examined in terms of the relationship between the subject and object of evil, and attention is drawn to the role of humans in the formation of evil. In this context, general information introductory to the problem of evil is presented in the introduction. In the second stage, how the problem of evil was addressed in philosophical and theological traditions and especially the approaches of classical theological schools to the problem of evil were examined. In the later sections of the study, the subject was tried to be reinterpreted under different headings. In this context, it has been evaluated that some of the doubts and questions about the problem of evil arise from ignorance of religion, and some arise from interpretations perceived as religion within the tradition. In order to find a solution to the problem, it was pointed out that the concept of God, known for its power and authority, which came to the fore in the classical period, should be reconsidered. When it comes to the religion of Islam, God should be considered as a being who knows everything, has absolute will and power, creates the entire universe for good purposes, has justice and mercy, and gives countless graces and blessings to humans. There are enough verses of the Quran to support this idea. The problem of evil sometimes arises from the perception of the God-nature relationship as the God-human relationship. However, God created the order of the universe for the formation of life in nature and made it suitable for the survival of all living things, especially humans. Natural phenomena and events in nature continue in accordance with the natural laws established by God. Diseases, fires, earthquakes, floods, storms, volcanic eruptions, rains, floods and lightning, which are seen as evil, are not events created by God to directly harm humans. The harm that these cause to humans is mostly due to the negative relationship humans establish with nature. People can prevent harm from nature by taking precautions. However, human beings, who pollute the air, water and forests, and who do not build their buildings in appropriate places and in a sound manner, hastily attribute the evil they cause to God. However, when examined carefully, the countless blessings in nature show that the universe was created by God as a system of goodness. God created man in such a world to test him. The purpose of the test is the happiness of man in this world and the hereafter. In this case, God's entire will is for good. Evil arises from the use of free will and other opportunities given to humans for evil. Therefore, evil arises from man's relationship with nature and other people. At this point, the issue of fate is an issue that is often misunderstood. Destiny is the natural and moral laws imposed by Allah Almighty for the order of nature and human life. Destiny is a world of possibilities and never forces anyone to act. In order to solve the problem of evil, it is necessary to first rebuild a vision of God whose whole purpose is good. Issues such as test, fate, death, and sustenance need to be reinterpreted according to this imagination. In addition, ways to access accurate religious information on social media should be facilitated with methods appropriate to the needs of the day. The problem of evil is the problem of reconciling the world's afflictions with the fundamental attributes and justice of God. During their lives people encounter painful events originating from nature and other individuals. Furthermore, it is believed that God created everything, particularly in divine religions. Scholars and thinkers have debated for centuries why an omniscient, omnipotent, just, and compassionate God would create evil. The problem of evil is sometimes employed by atheists as evidence against religion, and at times as philosophical evidence for the absence of God. Nowadays, it exerts a profound impact on people's beliefs within social media platforms. This article aims to address doubts and objections surrounding the problem of evil. Numerous studies have been conducted on this current issue. The subject, which is basically examined as natural and moral evil in the philosophy of religion, has been examined under the titles such as justice and cruelty, goodness and evil, will and power in classical theology. In this study, the subject is examined in terms of the relationship between the subject of evil and its object, and attention is drawn to the role of man in the formation of evil. In this context, a general overview of the problem of evil is presented in the introduction. The second section delves into how the problem of evil is approached in philosophical and theological traditions, specifically examining the viewpoints of classical kalam schools. In the later parts of the study, the subject has been tried to be reinterpreted under different titles. Within this framework, it is suggested that some doubts and questions about the problem of evil arise from a lack of understanding of religion, while others stem from interpretations perceived as religious within the tradition. To propose a solution to the problem, the concept of God, known for its power and authority in classical times, should be reevaluated. In the context of Islam, God should be considered as an entity possessing complete knowledge, absolute will and power, and creating the universe for goodness, possesses justice and mercy and bestows numerous blessings upon humanity. This perspective finds ample support in the verses of the Qur'an. The problem of evil sometimes emerges from misconceiving the relationship between God and nature as equivalent to a God-human relationship. However, God designed the universe's order to support the emergence of life in nature and make it conducive to the lives of all living beings, particularly humans. Natural phenomena and events unfold by the laws set by Allah. Evils such as diseases, fires, earthquakes, floods, storms, volcanic eruptions, rain, and lightning are not events directly orchestrated by God to harm humans. The harm they cause is primarily a result of humans' negative interactions with nature. Precautions can mitigate these harms. Yet, humans who pollute air, water, and forests and build poorly located structures hastily attribute the resulting evils to God. A careful examination of the numerous blessings in nature underscores that the universe was created by God as a benevolent order. God created humanity to undergo tests within such a world, aiming for human happiness in both this world and the hereafter. Thus, the entirety of God's will be goodness. Evil, conversely, arises from humanity's exercise of free will and the potential to commit malevolent acts. In conclusion, evil stems from human interactions with nature and fellow beings. Destiny is another frequently misconstructed aspect. It refers to the natural and moral laws established by Almighty Allah to govern the order of nature and human existence. Destiny presents a realm of possibilities and does not coerce anyone's actions. To address the problem of evil, the portrayal of God, whose sole intent is good, must be reconstructed. Additionally, concepts like testing, fate, death, and sustenance need to be reinterpreted in alignment with this conception. Furthermore, methods that facilitate the acquisition of accurate religious information through social media should be developed to suit contemporary requirements.

Detaylı Başlık Kelam İlminde Kötülük Probleminin Yeniden Yorumlanması