Author
ŞEN, Mesut, ÇELİK, Nizamettin
Publication Place
Firat University -
Firat University
Subject
Fırat University Faculty of Theology journal, 2023-12, Vol.28 (2), p.119-135
Type
Book
Language
ara,tur
Digital
Yes
Manuscript
No
Library
Leitir Library
Library Asset ID
ISSN: 1304-639X, DOI: 10.58568/firatilahiyat.1337176
Record ID
cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_19d9a8b31b2f4078b2c83342b797dd3a
Library Location
DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals)
Notes
Almighty Allah declared that the universe was created in a certain order and said, "Do not cause corruption on earth after it is put in order." He warned humanity not to disrupt this order. Natural disasters such as epidemics, earthquakes, floods and landslides that we encounter in the 21st century make it necessary to draw attention to people's actions once again. By intervening irresponsibly in nature and disposition, human beings disrupt the balances in the universe, and these disrupted balances can return to humanity as a disaster over time. Almighty Allah states in many verses that these disasters are the result of people's own actions; He emphasizes with the expressions "bimâ kesbû, "bimâ kesbet eydinnâs", "febimâ kesbet eydiküm", "bimâ kaddemet eydîhim", "bimâ zalemu". What is understood from these expressions is that a significant part of the disasters are due to mistakes, negligence and unfair interventions of human beings. While troubles and calamities mean punishment/retribution for some of the people, the same event is a punishment for other people. It can be a test or a lesson. In this context, it is stated in the Quran that many troubles and calamities experienced in the past, such as Noah's flood, were made a lesson for all humanity: "As for the people of Noah, we drowned them in water because they denied their prophets and made them an example for people. We have prepared a painful punishment for the wrongdoers.” As can be seen, the verse, on the one hand, states that the reason for the torment is that people deny their prophets, and on the other hand, it is emphasized that this event is a lesson to be learned for all humanity. However, it is stated in the next verse that those who do not learn from these events and warnings and insist on following their own desires deserve to be punished as follows: "We destroyed the people of 'Ad, the people of Thamud, the Companions of Ress (Shu'ayb) and many other nations among them. We gave many examples as advice to each of them (about the destruction of those before them). But We completely destroyed them all (because they did not believe). However, the words of the Prophet (pbuh) also guide us regarding our attitude towards the epidemics, troubles and troubles that befall us. Instead of total destruction, he (pbuh) wished for the death of his ummah by plague/plague and ta'n, that is, by being injured by fighting in the way of Allah, and said that plague was a kind of torment that Allah punished some people with, but that it was a mercy for believers. He also stated that the believer's situation is very pleasant, that what Allah decrees is definitely for his benefit, and that every calamity that befalls the believer, even if it is a stinging thorn, is an atonement for his sins. Hz. With these hadiths, the Prophet (pbuh) pointed out that the calamities that befell believers were not always negative for believers. In line with the verses we have mentioned, although many of the troubles are the result of human actions, it is not possible to call every disaster a divine punishment. Because the prophets suffered the greatest troubles. This topic is too broad to be addressed from a single perspective. The individual, social, human, divine and testing dimensions of the subject should be evaluated as a whole. Therefore, highlighting only one part of such a sensitive issue, which needs to be evaluated from multiple perspectives, such as "trouble equals divine punishment", would divert the subject from its purpose. In this study, within the framework of the texts, the individual, social and divine dimensions of troubles and calamities, the fact that these calamities may have spiritual reasons as well as material ones; It will be examined that not all calamities are caused by people's mistakes, but that some of them are affected by people's actions. In addition, it will be pointed out that troubles and calamities should be evaluated from multiple perspectives within the framework of main elements such as faith, test, hope, precaution, trust, patience, prayer and divine providence. In addition, it will be revealed that divine communication established through means such as forgiveness, dhikr and prayer directly affects happiness. As some of them will be pointed out in the study, extensive studies have been conducted on trouble/catastrophes, their causes and consequences, addressing different aspects of the subject. However, in this study, it is aimed to outline all aspects of the subject as a whole within the framework of verses and hadiths, without going into details. In this context, the subject is planned in two parts; in the first part, the role of man in troubles and calamities will be examined in terms of their causes, and in the second part, it will be tried to reveal what the attitude of man/believer should be after these events. Declaring that the universe was created in a certain order, Almighty Allah said, "Do not make mischief on earth after it has been brought into order." With this statement she made, she warned humanity not to disturb the established order. Natural disasters such as epidemics, earthquakes, floods and landslides that we face in the 21st century make it necessary to draw attention to the actions of people once again. Human beings, who interfere with nature irresponsibly, disrupt the balances in the universe, and these disturbed balances return to humanity as a calamity over time. Almighty Allah knows in many verses that these calamities are the result of people's own deeds. To this situation; He emphasizes with the expressions “bimâ kesbû, “bimâ kesbet eydinnâs”, “febimâ kesbet eydiküm”, “bimâ kaddemet eydîhim”, “bimâ zalemu”. It is understood from these expressions that a significant part of the calamities are caused by human error, negligence and unjust interventions. While troubles and calamities mean punishment/retribution for some people, the same event can be a test or a lesson for other people. In this context, it is stated in the Qur'an that many troubles and calamities that have been experienced in the past, such as Noah's Flood, have been made a lesson for all humanity as follows: “As for the people of Noah, We drowned them because they denied their prophet, and made them a sign for the people. We have prepared a painful chastisement for the wrongdoers.” As can be seen, while it is stated in the verse that the cause of the torment is people's denial of the prophets, on the other hand, it is emphasized that this event is a lesson for all humanity. However, it is stated in the next verse that those who do not take lessons from these events and warnings and insist on doing what their souls want punishment. However, the words of the Prophet also guide us regarding the epidemic that befell us and our attitude towards troubles. He (sas) prayed to Allah so that his ummah would not be destroyed altogether. He said that "taun" is a kind of punishment that Allah punishes some people, but it is a mercy for believers. In line with the verses we have mentioned, although most of the calamities are the result of human actions, it is out of the question to call every calamity a divine punishment. Because the prophets suffered the greatest of troubles. This topic is too broad to be tackled from a single point of view. The individual, social, human, divine and test dimensions of the subject should be evaluated as a whole. Therefore, such a sensitive issue that needs to be evaluated from multiple perspectives; Bringing only a part of it to the fore as "trouble equals divine punishment" would be to deviate the subject from its target. In this study, within the framework of the scriptures, the individual, social and divine dimensions of troubles and calamities, these calamities may have spiritual causes as well as material reasons; it will be examined that every calamity is not caused by the mistakes of people, but some of them are caused by what people do. In addition, it will be pointed out that troubles and calamities should be evaluated in a multi-dimensional way within the framework of main elements such as faith, test, hope, precaution, trust, patience, prayer and divine providence.
Detaylı Başlık
Belâ ve Musibetlerde İnsanın Rolü ve Tavrı (Âyet ve Hadisler Çerçevesinde)
