The Response of Ahmad al-Bakayi to the Letter of Amir Ahmad, Ruler of Massinah

Title	The Response of Ahmad al-Bakayi to the Letter of Amir Ahmad, Ruler of Massinah
Publication Date:	1853
Subject	1853 to 1854, Arabic calligraphy, Arabic manuscripts, Barth, Heinrich, 1821-1865, Islamic law, Islamic manuscripts, Mali--Mopti--Massina, Mali--Tombouctou, Timbuktu manuscripts
Type	Book
Language	Arabic
Digital	Yes
Manuscript	No
Library:	Harvard Library
Library Asset ID	LCCN: 2021667261
Record ID	TN_cdi_loca_primary_2021667261
Library Location	ONLINE ACCESS
Date	1853
Notes	Timbuktu (present-day Tombouctou in Mali), founded around 1100 as a commercial center for trade across the Sahara Desert, was also an important seat of Islamic learning from the 14th century onward. The libraries there contain many important manuscripts, in different styles of Arabic scripts, which were written and copied by Timbuktu's scribes and scholars. These works constitute the city's most famous and long-lasting contribution to Islamic and world civilization. This document is a reply to the ruler of Massinah (present-day Macina), Amir Ahmad, who ordered the arrest of the noted German explorer Heinrich Barth (1821--65), who was suspected of spying for the British. There are two copies of the work: a shorter version, and a longer version, which incorporates information not given in the shorter. Shown here is the shorter version. The author of the reply cites Islamic law in arguing that the arrest is illegal and declines to obey the amir. The scholar states that a non-Muslim entering the domain of Muslims in peace is protected and may not be arrested, have his property confiscated, or to be otherwise hindered.
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Başlık	The Response of Ahmad al-Bakayi to the Letter of Amir Ahmad, Ruler of Massinah

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The Response of Ahmad al-Bakayi to the Letter of Amir Ahmad, Ruler of Massinah

Publication Date 1853

Subject 1853 to 1854, Arabic calligraphy, Arabic manuscripts, Barth, Heinrich, 1821-1865, Islamic law, Islamic manuscripts, Mali--Mopti--Massina, Mali--Tombouctou, Timbuktu manuscripts

Type Book

Language Arabic

Digital Yes

Manuscript No

Library Harvard Library

Library Asset ID LCCN: 2021667261

Record ID TN_cdi_loca_primary_2021667261

Library Location ONLINE ACCESS

Date 1853

Notes Timbuktu (present-day Tombouctou in Mali), founded around 1100 as a commercial center for trade across the Sahara Desert, was also an important seat of Islamic learning from the 14th century onward. The libraries there contain many important manuscripts, in different styles of Arabic scripts, which were written and copied by Timbuktu's scribes and scholars. These works constitute the city's most famous and long-lasting contribution to Islamic and world civilization. This document is a reply to the ruler of Massinah (present-day Macina), Amir Ahmad, who ordered the arrest of the noted German explorer Heinrich Barth (1821--65), who was suspected of spying for the British. There are two copies of the work: a shorter version, and a longer version, which incorporates information not given in the shorter. Shown here is the shorter version. The author of the reply cites Islamic law in arguing that the arrest is illegal and declines to obey the amir. The scholar states that a non-Muslim entering the domain of Muslims in peace is protected and may not be arrested, have his property confiscated, or to be otherwise hindered.

Kaynak Library of Congress Digital Collections: All Content

Başlık The Response of Ahmad al-Bakayi to the Letter of Amir Ahmad, Ruler of Massinah