Author
ABDULJABBAR ABDULHAMEED, AFAF
Type
Book
Language
Arabic
Digital
Yes
Manuscript
No
Library
Royal Danish Library
Library Asset ID
ISSN: 1994-473X, EISSN: 2706-9931, DOI: 10.31973/aj.v1i135.1165
Record ID
cdi_crossref_primary_10_31973_aj_v1i135_1165
Library Location
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
Notes
The Mamluks were able to establish their state in the year 648 AH/1250 AD after their elimination of the Ayyubid state. Within a short period, the Mamluks were able to expand the area of their state and included several countries, the most important of which were Egypt, the Levant, the Hijaz, Yemen and other countries. The Mamluk sultans made Cairo their capital, and after nearly two and a half centuries, the Ottomans were able to eliminate it and overthrow it in the year 923 AH. /1517 AD. Those who follow the history of this country will find it full of political, administrative, economic and scientific achievements, as the Egyptian country, especially after the fall of Baghdad in the year (656 AH / 1258 AD), became a destination for scholars from all parts of the Arab Islamic country, due to the security and safety that prevailed in the Egyptian country, especially after the transfer of the Abbasid Caliphate to Egypt, in addition to the economic recovery that included all parts of the Mamluk state, in addition to the interest of the Mamluk sultans. Senior statesmen established schools, bimaristans, mosques, and path offices in all parts of the Egyptian country, and they worked to provide all the requirements to ensure that they continued to perform the function for which they were established, and students of science joined them to study at the hands of the best teachers and scholars of that era, such as Ibn Khaldun, Al-Maqrizi, Al-Suyuti, Ibn Al-Nafis, and many others. These circumstances helped to establish a scientific renaissance that was not limited to religious sciences only, but included experimental sciences such as medicine, pharmacy, astronomy, and chemistry. And physics. Mathematics is one of the rational and experimental sciences in which Muslims excelled, and many scholars emerged in this field in different parts of the Egyptian country, such as Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin Bahadur bin Ahmed, known as Ibn Zuqaqa, who excelled in the field of astronomy, arithmetic, astrology, and chemistry and wrote many books, and Ali bin Othman bin Al-Hawari, who died in the year (833 AH / 1429 AD), who was a scholar of religious duties. The connection between man’s daily needs and his way of living with some aspects of mathematics plays a major role in the progress and development of this science. The urgent need to know and control the timings of prayer and other acts of worship helped to develop the science of mathematics and the emergence of specialists in this aspect, such as Musa bin Muhammad bin Othman, who died in the year 805 AH / 1403 AD. He wrote several works in which he summarizes how to know prayer times and the direction of the Qibla, and Sharaf al-Din Musa bin Muhammad al-Khalili, author of the book (A Summary of Knowing Prayer Times). The direction of the qibla) and the book (A Treatise on the Astrolabe). In this research paper, we will shed light on this important science, its most prominent scientists, the most important inventions made by mathematicians, the relationship of this science to other sciences on the one hand, and its impact on people’s lives on the other hand, in addition to mentioning the most prominent works of its scientists and their scientific productions. The mamluks were able to establish their State in 648 AH\ 1250 AD after they were eliminated on the AYOOBI State. During a short period, the mamluks were able to expand their state, while it included many countries such as Egypt, Levant, Hujaz, Yemen and other countries. The mamluk sultans took Cairo as a capital. After nearly two and a half centuries, the Ottomans managed to eliminate and overthrow it in 923 AH / 1517 AD. When we followed the history of this state, we found it full of political, administrative, economic and scientific achievements, as the Egyptian countries, especially after the fall of Baghdad in 656 AH / 1258 AD, the scholars came from all over the Islamic Arab country, because of the security and safety of the Egyptian countries, especially after the Abbasid Caliphate was transferred to Egypt, as well as the economic recovery of the Mamluk state, in addition to the interest of the Mamluk sultans and senior statesmen in establishing schools, Biemarstanat, mosques, and offices throughout all of the Egyptian countries. They worked to provide all the requirements to ensure that it continued to perform the job it was created for. The students joined to study at the hands of the best teachers and scholars of that era such as Ibn Khaldun, Maqrizi and Suyuti and Ibn al-Nafis and many others. These conditions have helped to establish a scientific renaissance not only limited to the religious sciences but included experimental sciences, such as medicine, pharmacy, astronomy, chemistry and physics. The mathematics is one of the mental and experimental sciences that Muslims excelled in. In this field, many scholars have emerged in various parts of the Egyptian countries such as Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin Bahadir bin Ahmed known as Ibn Ziqaqa who excelled in the field of astronomy, arithmetic, astrology and chemistry and has many books, and Ali bin Othman bin al-Hawari, who died in 833 AH / 1429 AD, who was a scholar of the statutes. Because the daily need of man and his way of life are related to some aspects of mathematics, a great role in the progress and development of this science, the urgent need helped to know and set the timing of prayer and other acts of worship to the development of mathematics and the emergence of specialists in this aspect such as Musa bin Muhammad bin Othman, who died in 805 AH / 1403 AD and he has several works that summarize how to know the prayer times and the direction of the qiblah, and Sharaf al-Din Musa bin Muhammad al-Khalili, author of (Summarizing the Knowledge of Prayer Times and the Qiblah direction) and the book (A Message in the Astrolabe). In this research paper, we will shed light on this important science, its most prominent scholars, the most important inventions that mathematicians have reached and the relationship of this science to other sciences on the one hand and its impact on people’s lives on the other hand, as well as we mentioned the most prominent books of his scientists and their scientific products.
Görüntüle
Majallat al-ādāb, 2020-12 (135), p.195-222
