Author
Ghanayem, Zuhair Ghanayem Abdel Latif
Publication Place
Amman, Jordan -
University of Jordan, Deanship of Scientific Research
Type
Book
Language
ara,eng
Digital
Yes
Manuscript
No
Library
Royal Danish Library
Library Asset ID
ISSN: 1996-9546
Record ID
cdi_emarefa_primary_273464
Library Location
EBSCOhost Academic Search Complete
Notes
This research deals with timar (military feudalism) in Palestine in the tenth century AH/sixteenth century AD, and its emergence since the days of the Buyids and its transmission to the Seljuks, the Mamluks, and then the Ottomans. The types of timar have been clarified, including the Khas al-Hamayouni (the Sultan), the khas of the prince of princes, the chieftains, and the timar, and the fees and taxes that the owner of the timar takes, which are the ten, the tax, the sheep counter, the Padhwa fees, the tribute, the hisba fees, and the customary fees. It also follows the provisions of the timar, the methods of distributing it, those responsible for it, the problems it faced, whether related to the Sipahiya or the peasants, the ways in which the Sipahiya managed their timar, the methods they followed to collect their revenues from it, and the social and economic effects that resulted from its application, especially on the Sipahiya, some of whom enriched it, and on the peasants whose conditions worsened due to the money they paid to the owners of the timar. This article deals with military feudalism (the timar system) in Palestine during the 10th H. / 16th A.D. century. It had first appeared in the Buwayhid period and continued under the Saljuqs, Mamluks and Ottomans. The article clarifies the types of timar: the khass al-hamayuni (private income of the sultan), the khass amir al-umara (private income of the chief commander), the zi‘amet and the timar and distinguishes the fees and taxes that the timar holder collected: the ‘ushr, the kharaj and the fees on the number of sheep, and the badhuwa, the jizyah, hisbah and ‘urfi fees. The regulations for the timars, the method of distribution, the officials responsible and the problems that they faced, whether related to the sipahis or the peasants and the ways by which the sipahis managed their timars and the methods that they followed to collect their dues and the social and economic consequences that resulted from its performance, especially on the sipahis, some of whom became rich and the peasants whose condition worsened due to what they had to pay to the timar holders.
Görüntüle
المجلة الأردنية للتاريخ و الآثار : مجلة علمية عالمية فصلية متخصصة و محكمة., 2010, Vol.4 (2), p.26-56
