Author
Abdel-Wahab, Mohamed Abdel-Wadud Abdel-Azim
Type
Book
Language
Arabic
Digital
Yes
Manuscript
No
Library
Royal Danish Library
Library Asset ID
ISSN: 2356-9654
Record ID
cdi_almandumah_primary_1391098
Library Location
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
Notes
The Greek island of Crete played an important historical role in the history of the Ottoman Empire, since it came under its control in the period (1669-1898 AD / 1080-1306 AH), during which a period of ten years (1830-1840 AD / 1246-1256 AH) occurred during which the island was under direct Egyptian rule. Muhammad Ali Pasha also realized the importance of the island's strategic location, and exploited it to achieve his military and political goals for independence by ruling Egypt. Muhammad Ali Pasha developed a comprehensive and organized reform program for the island of Crete, through specific axes: public health, civil and military infrastructure, and the renewal and restoration of forts, castles, and military ports in the four cities of the island. Water facilities were one of the most important axes of the Egyptian reform program in the cities of the island. The Egyptian administration adopted a major German architectural project, relying on water canals and bridges that had been implemented in previous eras, after renovating them and adding some architectural works to deliver water to the city. He rehabilitated the Fundana Canal, and built the Egyptian Bridge in the Agia Irini area, which is considered the most important remaining architectural work attributed to Muhammad Ali Pasha on the island, and whose architectural characteristics have not been changed until Now. The aim of this research is to study Muhammad Ali Pasha’s reformist additions to society and his remaining water architectural works in the city of Heraklio, and to determine the architectural characteristics of the bridge that Mustafa Nael Pasha built on orders from Muhammad Ali Pasha in the year (1839 AD / 1255 AH), as a continuation of the Fundana Canal rehabilitation project. The water architectural elements are traced historically and architecturally to the eras preceding the period of Egyptian rule on the island (1830-1840 AD / 1246-1256 AH). An inventory of the various impacts on these structures in light of their comparison with their counterparts of bridges and water bridges that the Ottomans used over the rest of the Greek lands, and identifying their types, based on the field study of these remaining works that are in use until now. The study concluded that the reform program implemented by Muhammad Ali Pasha on the island of Crete was the same that had previously been implemented in Egypt at all social, political and military levels, a program that was stopped with the departure of the Egyptian administration from the island.
Görüntüle
Majallat al-ʻimārah wa-al-funūn wa-al-ʻulūm al-insānīyah, 2023 (40), p.720-742
