Author
Omar, Youssef
Type
Book
Language
Arabic
Digital
Yes
Manuscript
No
Library
Royal Danish Library
Library Asset ID
ISSN: 1026-9576, EISSN: 2959-9830, DOI: 10.34120/ajh.v38i149.2783
Record ID
cdi_crossref_primary_10_34120_ajh_v38i149_2783
Library Location
Humanities international complete
Notes
This study dealt with a historical introduction to the Hungarian war of independence against Austria 1848-1849 AD, led by Lajos Kossuth, which failed due to Russia’s intervention, and the resulting crisis of thousands of Hungarian refugees, who decided to leave Hungary, for fear of retaliatory measures by Austria and Russia against them, and what followed after the Ottoman Empire allowed them to cross its borders and settle there, and Russia and Austria demanded that the Ottoman Empire hand them over to them immediately. And threatened them with war if they did not do so. The study also addressed the Ottoman Empire’s proposal for Hungarian refugees to convert to Islam to avoid extradition. Some refugees responded and others refused. The study touched on Kossuth's letter to Palmerston on September 20, 1849 AD, and the details contained in it about the conditions of the refugees, in addition to studying the conditions of the Hungarian refugees, their integration into society and the institutions of the Ottoman Empire, until understandings were finally reached between the Ottoman Empire and Austria, according to which Kossuth and the refugees were allowed to leave the Ottoman Empire. Indeed, Kossut and fifty-one Hungarian refugees left the Ottoman lands on September 1, 1851 AD, to Britain and then the United States, which became his residence. The study relied on many sources and references in English and Turkish, and no Ottoman documents were found, or these documents do not cover the subject of the study at all. This study provides with a historical introduction to the Hungarian War of Independence against Austria that took place between 1848 and 1849. The revolution was led by Lajos Kossuth, but it failed due to Russia's intervention. As a result, thousands of Hungarian refugees left Hungary out of fear that Austria and Russia would retaliate against them. The Ottoman Empire allowed the refugees to cross its borders and reside there. However, not only did Russia and Austria demand the Ottoman Empire for the immediate extradition of the refugees, but they also threatened them with war if they refused to comply. The study also explores the Ottoman Empire’s proposal to the Hungarian refugees, in which they were asked to convert to Islam in order to avoid their extradition; Some refugees accepted the offer while others refused. Moreover, the paper refers to Kossuth's letter to Palmerston on the 20th of September 1849, in which he mentions the details of the refugees' situation. The conditions of the Hungarian refugees, their integration into the Ottoman Empire’s society and its institutions were all examined. Furthermore, the study addresses the understanding that was finally reached between the Ottoman Empire and Austria; Kossuth and the refugees were allowed to leave the Ottoman Empire. On the 1st of September 1851 Kossuth and 51 Hungarian refugees left Ottoman land and headed first to Britain before moving to the United States, which became Kossuth’s country of residence. The study relies on many sources and references in English and Turkish. Ottoman documents were either not available, or they were relevant to the subject of the research. This study provides with a historical introduction to the Hungarian War of Independence against Austria that took place between 1848 and 1849. The revolution was led by Lajos Kossuth, but it failed due to Russia's intervention. As a result, thousands of Hungarian refugees left Hungary out of fear that Austria and Russia would retaliate against them. The Ottoman Empire allowed the refugees to cross its borders and reside there. However, not only did Russia and Austria demand the Ottoman Empire for the immediate extradition of the refugees, but they also threatened them with war if they refused to comply. The study also explores the Ottoman Empire’s proposal to the Hungarian refugees, in which they were asked to convert to Islam in order to avoid their extradition; Some refugees accepted the offer while others refused. Moreover, the paper refers to Kossuth's letter to Palmerston on the 20th of September 1849, in which he mentions the details of the refugees' situation. The conditions of the Hungarian refugees, their integration into the Ottoman Empire’s society and its institutions were all examined. Furthermore, the study addresses the understanding that was finally reached between the Ottoman Empire and Austria; Kossuth and the refugees were allowed to leave the Ottoman Empire. On the 1st of September 1851 Kossuth and 51 Hungarian refugees left Ottoman land and headed first to Britain before moving to the United States, which became Kossuth’s country of residence. The study relies on many sources and references in English and Turkish. Ottoman documents were either not available, or they were relevant to the subject of the research.
Görüntüle
al-Majallah al-ʻArabīyah lil-ʻulūm al-insānīyah, 2020-01, Vol.38 (149), p.101-138
