Author
Al-Maliki, Ali Jawad Kazem
Publication Place
Dhi Qar, Iraq -
Dhi Qar University, College of Arts
Type
Book
Language
ara,eng
Digital
Yes
Manuscript
No
Library
Royal Danish Library
Library Asset ID
ISSN: 2073-6584, EISSN: 2709-796X
Record ID
cdi_emarefa_primary_1250714
Library Location
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
Notes
Iraq witnessed deteriorating conditions in the late seventeenth century AD, which threatened to have dire political and military consequences. As a result of the frequent Janissary rebellions, the outbreak of conflicts between their regiments, as well as a state of political instability; Because of the large number of governors who succeeded in ruling the governorship of Baghdad. This state of chaos and political instability continued until Hassan Pasha took power in 1704, and that was the beginning of a new era. Due to his strength and skill. Upon his death in 1724 AD, he was succeeded by the daughter of Ahmed Pasha (1724-1747), and the period of his rule is considered one of the important periods in the modern history of Iraq. His death in 1747 was good news for the Ottoman Empire to regain its direct control over Iraq. However, on the other hand, it was the beginning of tribal and Kurdish uprisings, in addition to the rebellion of the Janissaries. The Sublime Porte took a series of measures in an attempt to calm the situation. Three figures took turns in the governorship of Baghdad for the period (1747-1749), namely (the governor of Diyarbakir, Hajj Ahmed Pasha, and the Kasriyya Lee Ahmed Pasha). The former governor of Basra and Mosul, Al-Sadr Muhammad Pasha Al-Teryaki. After these three pashas failed to stabilize the Sultan’s government in the period between the death of Ahmed Pasha and his son-in-law’s assumption of power, this state of chaos and political instability prompted the Sublime Porte government to take a series of measures as an attempt to calm the situation by appointing Suleiman Agha as governor of Baghdad in the year 1749, and with him the Mamluk rule (Kula Mand) officially began in Iraq, and Baghdad, Basra, and Mardin came under his rule. Thus, Mamluk took over the rule of Iraq. As for the Ottoman-Persian relations and their influence on Iraq during that period, although they were warring and were not friendly at one time, rather they were going from bad to worse, and they continued to deteriorate during the days of Nader Quli Khan, after the killing of Nader Khan in 1747, Iraq became safe from the Persian threat; Because Persia in that period became a scene of chaos, unrest, and conflict between those seeking power, and the Ottoman Empire did not attempt to interfere in its internal affairs. Because she was trying to eliminate Mamluk influence in Baghdad after the death of Ahmed bin Hassan Pasha in the same year, and because she realized that her interference in internal affairs was useless, especially since she had gone through experiences like this. At the end of the seventeenth century AD, Iraq witnessed deteriorating conditions that threatened political and military consequences. As a result of the large number of Janissary rebellions, the outbreak of conflicts between their cohorts, as well as a state of fundamental instability; Because of the large number of governors who succeeded in governing the governorate of Baghdad This state of chaos and political instability continued until Hasan Pasha took power in 1704, which was the beginning of a new era. Because of his strength and sophistication. With his death in 1724 AD, his son Ahmad Pasha (1724-1747) followed him, and the period of his reign is considered one of the important periods in the modem history of Iraq. His death in 1747 was good news for the Ottoman state to regain its direct control over Iraq, but on the other hand it was the beginning of tribal and Kurdish uprisings, in addition to the Janissary rebellion, and the Sublime Port undertook a series of measures in an attempt to calm the situation, as it took turns to assign Baghdad for the period (1747-1749) Three personalities are (Wali of Diyarbakir) al-Hajj Ahmad Pasha, and Kasriyah Lee Ahmad Pasha, Wali of Basra, and the former Wali of Mosul, al-Sadr Muhammad Pasha al-Triaki). After these three pashas failed to establish the Sultan’s government during the period between the death of Ahmed Pasha and the assumption of his son-in-law, the state of chaos and political instability prompted the Sublime Porte government to take a series of measures in an attempt to calm the situation by appointing (Suleiman Agha) as governor of Baghdad. That was in the year 1749, and with it, the Mamluk rule (the Kula Maud) officially began in Iraq, and Baghdad, Basra and Mardin came under his rule, and so Mamlouk ruled Iraq. As for the Ottoman-Persian relations and their impact on Iraq during that period, despite the fact that they were in conflict and were never friendly, but were going from bad to worse, and continued to deteriorate during the days of Nader Quli Khan, but Iraq became after the death of Nader Khan. The year 1747 is safe from Persian danger; Because Persia in that period became a scene of chaos, turmoil and conflict between those who greed for power, and the Ottoman Empire did not try to interfere in its internal affairs; Because she was trying to eliminate the Mamluk influence in Baghdad after the death of Ahmed bin Hassan Pasha in the same year, and because she realized that her interference in internal affairs was useless, especially since she had gone through such experiences.
Görüntüle
مجلة اداب ذي قار, 2021, Vol.34 (1), p.201-222
