Trade in southern Ottoman Kurdistan during the nineteenth century

Name: Trade in southern Ottoman Kurdistan during the nineteenth century
Author: Mustafa Al-Jawadi, Ghassan Walid

Title	Trade in southern Ottoman Kurdistan during the nineteenth century
Author	Mustafa Al-Jawadi, Ghassan Walid
Type	Book
Language	Arabic
Digital	Yes
Manuscript	No
Library:	Royal Danish Library
Library Asset ID	ISSN: 2707-9341, EISSN: 2522-3259, DOI: 10.14500/kujhss.v4n2y2021.pp29-37
Record ID	cdi_crossref_primary_10_14500_kujhss_v4n2y2021_pp29_37
Library Location	DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
Notes	Due to the importance of the economic aspect in public life, including commercial activity, this study entitled “Trade in Southern Ottoman Kurdistan during the Nineteenth Century” comes in the context of the efforts of other researchers who wrote in this field, and to shed light on some activities related to trade, by giving an overview of its trade before the nineteenth century, and then pointing to the components of trade in the Kurdish city. Markets, inns, transportation routes, merchants, crops, and products, whether natural or locally produced, and the entities that dealt with them; Interior and foreign affairs, especially Iranian cities and southern Anatolia, and the influx of merchants from cities and states near southern Kurdistan. We mentioned in the study the most important exports and imports, and that trade was not limited to one group in itself, but everyone enjoyed this right. We touched on the obstacles that stood in the way of trade in this region, including instability due to the policy of the governors, poor roads, and clans, and thus getting to know the life of the Kurdish community through this activity, and the lack of information available about commercial activity, in particular Figures and statistics on the volume of export and import trade in southern Ottoman Kurdistan; Therefore, the focus was on the nineteenth century. Perhaps the information will appear clearer, based on the available sources. Valuable observations of travelers who visited southern Kurdistan, and there were references in the names of the Iraqi provinces about the activity of Kurdish cities in this area. The current research sheds light on some of the activities related to trading the nineteenth century in the Kurdish cities, markets, storehouses, travel routes, merchants, crops, products, natural or locally made products. The research also discusses the local or regional partners who were parts of the trade business, especially the Iranian cities and the cities in the south of Anatol. The research examines the most important imported and exported goods. The research also shows that trading was not restricted to certain merchants, all people had the chance to trade. In addition, the obstacles faced by the tradesmen in this area, such as the uncertainty because of the policy of the walli (governors) or because of the bad roads, or the because of tribal rules, are discussed. The research offers more details concerning the life in the Kurdish society at that time through the trade business of this region. Due to the lack of literature related to the trade in the Kurdish cities during the Ottoman empire, especially the numbers and statistics about the size of the goods imported and exported in the southern Kurdistan region during that period, more focus is placed on the nineteenth century as there is clearer information about this period. The research depends on the valuable observations provided by the travelers who visited southern Kurdistan as well as some information available on the registry of the Iraqi willayat about the trade business of the Kurdish cities.
Görüntüle	Majallat Jāmiʻat Kūyah lil-ʻulūm al-insānīyah wa-al-ijtimāʻīyah, 2021-12, Vol.4 (2), p.29-37

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Royal Danish Library

Trade in southern Ottoman Kurdistan during the nineteenth century

Author Mustafa Al-Jawadi, Ghassan Walid

Type Book

Language Arabic

Digital Yes

Manuscript No

Library Royal Danish Library

Library Asset ID ISSN: 2707-9341, EISSN: 2522-3259, DOI: 10.14500/kujhss.v4n2y2021.pp29-37

Record ID cdi_crossref_primary_10_14500_kujhss_v4n2y2021_pp29_37

Library Location DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals

Notes Due to the importance of the economic aspect in public life, including commercial activity, this study entitled “Trade in Southern Ottoman Kurdistan during the Nineteenth Century” comes in the context of the efforts of other researchers who wrote in this field, and to shed light on some activities related to trade, by giving an overview of its trade before the nineteenth century, and then pointing to the components of trade in the Kurdish city. Markets, inns, transportation routes, merchants, crops, and products, whether natural or locally produced, and the entities that dealt with them; Interior and foreign affairs, especially Iranian cities and southern Anatolia, and the influx of merchants from cities and states near southern Kurdistan. We mentioned in the study the most important exports and imports, and that trade was not limited to one group in itself, but everyone enjoyed this right. We touched on the obstacles that stood in the way of trade in this region, including instability due to the policy of the governors, poor roads, and clans, and thus getting to know the life of the Kurdish community through this activity, and the lack of information available about commercial activity, in particular Figures and statistics on the volume of export and import trade in southern Ottoman Kurdistan; Therefore, the focus was on the nineteenth century. Perhaps the information will appear clearer, based on the available sources. Valuable observations of travelers who visited southern Kurdistan, and there were references in the names of the Iraqi provinces about the activity of Kurdish cities in this area. The current research sheds light on some of the activities related to trading the nineteenth century in the Kurdish cities, markets, storehouses, travel routes, merchants, crops, products, natural or locally made products. The research also discusses the local or regional partners who were parts of the trade business, especially the Iranian cities and the cities in the south of Anatol. The research examines the most important imported and exported goods. The research also shows that trading was not restricted to certain merchants, all people had the chance to trade. In addition, the obstacles faced by the tradesmen in this area, such as the uncertainty because of the policy of the walli (governors) or because of the bad roads, or the because of tribal rules, are discussed. The research offers more details concerning the life in the Kurdish society at that time through the trade business of this region. Due to the lack of literature related to the trade in the Kurdish cities during the Ottoman empire, especially the numbers and statistics about the size of the goods imported and exported in the southern Kurdistan region during that period, more focus is placed on the nineteenth century as there is clearer information about this period. The research depends on the valuable observations provided by the travelers who visited southern Kurdistan as well as some information available on the registry of the Iraqi willayat about the trade business of the Kurdish cities.

Görüntüle Majallat Jāmiʻat Kūyah lil-ʻulūm al-insānīyah wa-al-ijtimāʻīyah, 2021-12, Vol.4 (2), p.29-37