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Risālatu raf‘i l-ḫitām

Title	Risālatu raf‘i l-ḫitām
Author	al-Kūrānî, Aḥmad - author
Publication Date:	1464
Type	Other
Language	Arabic
Digital	Yes
Manuscript	No
Library:	Pompeu Fabra University Library
Record ID	cdi_europeana_collections_9200126_95E079CBC6873F934A7B05156E756A6EC180EB58
Library Location	Available Online
Date	1464
Sample Text	Original pressed paper covers with leather over binding, linen binding. Neskhi script partly vocalized; black ink, certain terms and marks in the text noted, ink: golden and red. Marginal notes, ink: black and red. Text within a golden frame, beginning of the text in a golden and blue frame. Unwan decorated with a stylized ornament of a floral motif, colours: blue, golden, red, black and white. Inscription of the waqf on margins of the text, waqf of Ḥamzawa Hišām. Originalne korice od slepljenih listova hartije s kožnim pojačanjem preko hrpta. Platneni povez. Delimično vokalizovan neshi. Rukopis pisan crnim mastilom, pojedini termini i oznake u tekstu zapisani su crvenim i zlatnim mastilom. Beleške na marginama zapisane su crnim i crvenim mastillom. Tekst je uokviren tankim zlatnim ramom, tekst na stranama 1b i 2a uokviren je debljim zlatnim ramom i tankom plavom linijom. Unvan na strani 1b je ukrašen stilizovanim ornamentom biljnog motiva u plavoj, zlatnoj, crvenoj, crnoj i beloj boji. Rukopis je bio uvakufljen. Modern Standard Arabic has 28 consonant phonemes, making phonemic contrasts between "emphatic" (pharyngealized or velarized) consonants and non-emphatic ones; Arabic also has three vowel phonemes. However, by the 8th century the letter alif no longer represented a glottal stop, but a long /a/. As a result, a diacritic symbol, hamza, was introduced to represent this sound. In addition, some of these phonemes have coalesced in the various modern dialects, while new phonemes have been introduced through borrowing or phonemic splits. A "phonemic quality of length" applies to consonants as well as vowels. U savremenom standardnom arapskom ima dvedeset osam suglasničkih fonema koji sačinjavaju kontrast između emfatičkih i neemfatičkih suglasnika; arapski ima i tri samoglasničke foneme. Međutim, do osmog veka, slovo alif nije više predstavljao bezvučni glotalni ploziv već dugo a. Kao rezultat toga, dijakritički znak hamza je uveden da bi označio taj glas. Uz to, neke od tih fonema su se asimilovale u brojnim savremenim dijalektima dok su nove foneme uvedene pozajmicom ili cepanjem fonema. Kvalitativna dužina foneme se primenjuje na suglasnike kao i na samoglasnike.
Kaynak	Europeana Collections

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Pompeu Fabra University Library

Risālatu raf‘i l-ḫitām

Author al-Kūrānî, Aḥmad - author

Publication Date 1464

Type Other

Language Arabic

Digital Yes

Manuscript No

Library Pompeu Fabra University Library

Record ID cdi_europeana_collections_9200126_95E079CBC6873F934A7B05156E756A6EC180EB58

Library Location Available Online

Date 1464

Sample Text Original pressed paper covers with leather over binding, linen binding. Neskhi script partly vocalized; black ink, certain terms and marks in the text noted, ink: golden and red. Marginal notes, ink: black and red. Text within a golden frame, beginning of the text in a golden and blue frame. Unwan decorated with a stylized ornament of a floral motif, colours: blue, golden, red, black and white. Inscription of the waqf on margins of the text, waqf of Ḥamzawa Hišām. Originalne korice od slepljenih listova hartije s kožnim pojačanjem preko hrpta. Platneni povez. Delimično vokalizovan neshi. Rukopis pisan crnim mastilom, pojedini termini i oznake u tekstu zapisani su crvenim i zlatnim mastilom. Beleške na marginama zapisane su crnim i crvenim mastillom. Tekst je uokviren tankim zlatnim ramom, tekst na stranama 1b i 2a uokviren je debljim zlatnim ramom i tankom plavom linijom. Unvan na strani 1b je ukrašen stilizovanim ornamentom biljnog motiva u plavoj, zlatnoj, crvenoj, crnoj i beloj boji. Rukopis je bio uvakufljen. Modern Standard Arabic has 28 consonant phonemes, making phonemic contrasts between "emphatic" (pharyngealized or velarized) consonants and non-emphatic ones; Arabic also has three vowel phonemes. However, by the 8th century the letter alif no longer represented a glottal stop, but a long /a/. As a result, a diacritic symbol, hamza, was introduced to represent this sound. In addition, some of these phonemes have coalesced in the various modern dialects, while new phonemes have been introduced through borrowing or phonemic splits. A "phonemic quality of length" applies to consonants as well as vowels. U savremenom standardnom arapskom ima dvedeset osam suglasničkih fonema koji sačinjavaju kontrast između emfatičkih i neemfatičkih suglasnika; arapski ima i tri samoglasničke foneme. Međutim, do osmog veka, slovo alif nije više predstavljao bezvučni glotalni ploziv već dugo a. Kao rezultat toga, dijakritički znak hamza je uveden da bi označio taj glas. Uz to, neke od tih fonema su se asimilovale u brojnim savremenim dijalektima dok su nove foneme uvedene pozajmicom ili cepanjem fonema. Kvalitativna dužina foneme se primenjuje na suglasnike kao i na samoglasnike.

Kaynak Europeana Collections