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Ijazah (diploma)

Title	Ijazah (diploma)
Publication Date:	1791
Subject	Arabic script calligraphy, Calligraphy, Arabic, Illuminated Islamic manuscripts, Islamic calligraphy, Islamic manuscripts, Manuscripts, Arabic--Washington (D.C.), Naskh, Thuluth, Turkey
Type	belge
Language	Arabic
Digital	Yes
Manuscript	Yes
Library:	Harvard Library
Library Asset ID	LCCN: 2019714485
Record ID	TN_cdi_loca_primary_2019714485
Library Location	ONLINE ACCESS
Date	1791
Notes	An "ijazah", or diploma of competency in Arabic calligraphy, was written by 'Ali Ra'if Efendi in 1206/1791. Dimensions of Sheet: 28 (w) x 21 (h) cm For further information on ijazah practices, see F. Déroche, "Maîtres et disciples: la transmision de la culture calligraphique dans le monde musulman," Revue du Monde Musulman et de la Méditerranée 75-6 (1996): 81-90 and U. Derman, "Turk yazi san'atinda icazetnameler ve teklid yazilar," VII. Turk Tarih Kongresi (Ankara, 1973): 716-28. In the two lowermost panels appear the signed approvals of two master calligraphers, Mustafa al-Halimi and Husayn Hamid (Selim 1979, 173), dated 1206/1791. Each section of writing appears on a separate piece of differently colored paper, illuminated with gold and dimpled with a stylus for reflection. Secret charity quenches the wrath of the Lord. / The best of you is the best for his family. / The best of the followers is Uways. The official function of the ijazah consists in giving a student the authority to sign his own calligraphic works with expressions such as katabahu (written by) and hararahu (composed by), thus allowing him to become independent and take on pupils of his own. In order to receive the diploma, the student had to transcribe or copy (taqlid) several lines of calligraphy that had to be approved by one or more co-signatory master calligraphers (Safwat 1996, 40). In some cases, the ijazah may include the calligrapher's chain of teachers (silsilah or sanad) reaching all the way back to the Prophet Muhammad himself (Gacek 1989: 44-55). In the Ottoman tradition especially, the calligraphic diploma (icazetname) was a well established practice linking, in an almost genealogical fashion, a student (talabah) to his teacher (hoca). This ijazah, or diploma of competency in Arabic calligraphy, was written by 'Ali Ra'if Efendi in 1206/1791. The top and middle panels contain a Saying (Hadith) attributed to the Prophet Muhammad. It reads: Script: thuluth and naskh 1-88-154.129
Kaynak	Library of Congress Digital Collections: All Content
Başlık	Ijazah (diploma)

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Ijazah (diploma)

Publication Date 1791

Subject Arabic script calligraphy, Calligraphy, Arabic, Illuminated Islamic manuscripts, Islamic calligraphy, Islamic manuscripts, Manuscripts, Arabic--Washington (D.C.), Naskh, Thuluth, Turkey

Type belge

Language Arabic

Digital Yes

Manuscript Yes

Library Harvard Library

Library Asset ID LCCN: 2019714485

Record ID TN_cdi_loca_primary_2019714485

Library Location ONLINE ACCESS

Date 1791

Notes An "ijazah", or diploma of competency in Arabic calligraphy, was written by 'Ali Ra'if Efendi in 1206/1791. Dimensions of Sheet: 28 (w) x 21 (h) cm For further information on ijazah practices, see F. Déroche, "Maîtres et disciples: la transmision de la culture calligraphique dans le monde musulman," Revue du Monde Musulman et de la Méditerranée 75-6 (1996): 81-90 and U. Derman, "Turk yazi san'atinda icazetnameler ve teklid yazilar," VII. Turk Tarih Kongresi (Ankara, 1973): 716-28. In the two lowermost panels appear the signed approvals of two master calligraphers, Mustafa al-Halimi and Husayn Hamid (Selim 1979, 173), dated 1206/1791. Each section of writing appears on a separate piece of differently colored paper, illuminated with gold and dimpled with a stylus for reflection. Secret charity quenches the wrath of the Lord. / The best of you is the best for his family. / The best of the followers is Uways. The official function of the ijazah consists in giving a student the authority to sign his own calligraphic works with expressions such as katabahu (written by) and hararahu (composed by), thus allowing him to become independent and take on pupils of his own. In order to receive the diploma, the student had to transcribe or copy (taqlid) several lines of calligraphy that had to be approved by one or more co-signatory master calligraphers (Safwat 1996, 40). In some cases, the ijazah may include the calligrapher's chain of teachers (silsilah or sanad) reaching all the way back to the Prophet Muhammad himself (Gacek 1989: 44-55). In the Ottoman tradition especially, the calligraphic diploma (icazetname) was a well established practice linking, in an almost genealogical fashion, a student (talabah) to his teacher (hoca). This ijazah, or diploma of competency in Arabic calligraphy, was written by 'Ali Ra'if Efendi in 1206/1791. The top and middle panels contain a Saying (Hadith) attributed to the Prophet Muhammad. It reads: Script: thuluth and naskh 1-88-154.129

Kaynak Library of Congress Digital Collections: All Content

Başlık Ijazah (diploma)