قبيلة هوارة في مصر في عصر المماليك الجراكسة

Name: قبيلة هوارة في مصر في عصر المماليك الجراكسة
Author: الشوربجي, محمد

İsim	قبيلة هوارة في مصر في عصر المماليك الجراكسة
Yazar	الشوربجي, محمد
Tür	Kitap
Dil	Arapça
Dijital	Evet
Yazma	Hayır
Kütüphane:	Danimarka Kraliyet Kütüphanesi
Demirbaş Numarası	ISSN: 1026-9576, EISSN: 2959-9830, DOI: 10.34120/ajh.v35i139.2633
Kayıt Numarası	cdi_crossref_primary_10_34120_ajh_v35i139_2633
Lokasyon	EBSCOhost Humanities International Complete
Notlar	يتحدث هذا البحث عن تاريخ قبيلة هوارة، وهي من أهم القبائل المغربية التي وفدت على مصر مع بداية العصر الفاطمي؛ حيث كان المغاربة عماد قوة الفاطميين في مصر، وكان لها دور في أحداثه السياسية شأن غيرها من القبائل الكبيرة، ولكن خفت هذا الدور مع سيطرة قبيلة لواتة على إقليم الوجه البحري وبخاصة البحيرة، فانتقلت في عصر المماليك الجراكسة إلى الصعيد، وهنا بدأ دورها يعود للظهور مرة أخرى؛ إذ سادت القبائل العربية والمغربية بالصعيد وحمل أميرها، وبخاصة في بني عمر، لقب شيخ العرب دليلاً على السيادة والزعامة، كما شكل جزء من هذه القبيلة فرقة في الجيش المملوكي. أما عن قبيلة هوارة في عصر المماليك الجراكسة فقد انتقلوا إلى الصعيد، وانقسموا إلى فرعين، هما هوارة البحرية وتزعمها بنو مازن وبنو غريب، وهوارة القبلية وتزعمها بنو عمر، وكان فرع بني عمر هو الأقوى والمسيطر على الصعيد وقبائله، ولهذا تقربت منه الدولة ليكون سندها في السيطرة على الصعيد وحفظ نظامه وتأمين الحدود الجنوبية، ولكن هذا لم يمنع من أن تشوب هذه العلاقات الودية بين الدولة والقبيلة شيء من التوتر بين الحين والآخر، وهذا يرجع إلى طبيعة كل سلطان وقدرته على ضبط هذه العلاقة؛ لأنها في الأول والآخر علاقة مصالح مشتركة متى أضر بأحدهما وقع الخلاف. وهذا البحث يتحدث عن فروع هوارة بالصعيد والإمرة عليهم، وعلاقة الدولة بالقبيلة حتى نهاية العصر المملوكي ودخول العثمانيين مصر، ثم ينتقل إلى الحديث عن المظاهر الحضارية في قبيلة هوارة؛ فيصف هيئة شيخ القبيلة ومظهره وبعض العادات والتقاليد، ثم اهتمام الأمراء بالحياة الاقتصادية من زراعة وصناعة وتجارة، بالإضافة إلى الاهتمام بالعمران، والنشاط العلمي، وأسأل الله أن يكون هذا البحث خالصاً لوجهه الكريم، ونواة لدراسة أكثر شمولاً في المستقبل، والله - تعالى - الموفق. This paper studies the history of one of the most important Maghrebian tribes that moved to Egypt at the beginning of the Fatimid period. The Magherbians were the basis of strength for the Fatimids and they played a vital role in Egypt’s political events just like any of the other great tribes. However, the role they played began to wither due to the control of the Laguatan tribe over the lower province especially al-Buhayirah. Thus, during the Circassian Mamluk Period, the Magherbian tribes moved to upper Egypt. Afterwards, their role in Egypt that they had once played began to re-emerge and they took control of Arab and Maghrebian tribes in that area. The tribes’ princes, like the one from the tribe of Bani Omar, were given the title, “Sheikh,” as a sign of authority and leadership. A fraction of this tribe were part of the Mamluki army. In regards to the Houara tribe during the Circassian Mamluk period, they had moved to upper Egypt. They were divided into two groups: one was lower Houara that was headed by Bani Mazin and Bani Gharib, and the other was upper Houara that was headed by Bani Omar. The latter was the strongest of the tribes and controlled the whole of the upper region. The state depended on this part of the tribe to be its support in ruling the upper lands and to keep the southern borders secure. Nevertheless, from time to time the tribes and the state would clash due to conflicting interests. This paper illustrates the branches of the Houara tribe within upper Egypt, and the relationship between the state and the tribe until the end of the Mamluki era and the rise of the Ottomans in Egypt. Next, the paper examines the cultural aspects in the Houara tribe. It describes the appearance of the Sheikh, some of the tribe’s traditions, as well as the level of interest the princes’ had in economics in all fields such as agriculture, industry, trade, construction, and scientific activity. This paper studies the history of one of the most important Maghrebian tribes that moved to Egypt at the beginning of the Fatimid period. The Magherbians were the basis of strength for the Fatimids and they played a vital role in Egypt’s political events just like any of the other great tribes. However, the role they played began to wither due to the control of the Laguatan tribe over the lower province especially al-Buhayirah. Thus, during the Circassian Mamluk Period, the Magherbian tribes moved to upper Egypt. Afterwards, their role in Egypt that they had once played began to re-emerge and they took control of Arab and Maghrebian tribes in that area. The tribes’ princes, like the one from the tribe of Bani Omar, were given the title, “Sheikh,” as a sign of authority and leadership. A fraction of this tribe were part of the Mamluki army. In regards to the Houara tribe during the Circassian Mamluk period, they had moved to upper Egypt. They were divided into two groups: one was lower Houara that was headed by Bani Mazin and Bani Gharib, and the other was upper Houara that was headed by Bani Omar. The latter was the strongest of the tribes and controlled the whole of the upper region. The state depended on this part of the tribe to be its support in ruling the upper lands and to keep the southern borders secure. Nevertheless, from time to time the tribes and the state would clash due to conflicting interests. This paper illustrates the branches of the Houara tribe within upper Egypt, and the relationship between the state and the tribe until the end of the Mamluki era and the rise of the Ottomans in Egypt. Next, the paper examines the cultural aspects in the Houara tribe. It describes the appearance of the Sheikh, some of the tribe’s traditions, as well as the level of interest the princes’ had in economics in all fields such as agriculture, industry, trade, construction, and scientific activity.
Görüntüle	al-Majallah al-ʻArabīyah lil-ʻulūm al-insānīyah, 2017-07, Vol.35 (139), p.223-251

Kaynağa git Danimarka Kraliyet Kütüphanesi Royal Danish Library

Aramaya Dön

Danimarka Kraliyet Kütüphanesi

Kaynağa git

قبيلة هوارة في مصر في عصر المماليك الجراكسة

Yazar الشوربجي, محمد

Tür Kitap

Dil Arapça

Dijital Evet

Yazma Hayır

Kütüphane Danimarka Kraliyet Kütüphanesi

Demirbaş Numarası ISSN: 1026-9576, EISSN: 2959-9830, DOI: 10.34120/ajh.v35i139.2633

Kayıt Numarası cdi_crossref_primary_10_34120_ajh_v35i139_2633

Lokasyon EBSCOhost Humanities International Complete

Notlar يتحدث هذا البحث عن تاريخ قبيلة هوارة، وهي من أهم القبائل المغربية التي وفدت على مصر مع بداية العصر الفاطمي؛ حيث كان المغاربة عماد قوة الفاطميين في مصر، وكان لها دور في أحداثه السياسية شأن غيرها من القبائل الكبيرة، ولكن خفت هذا الدور مع سيطرة قبيلة لواتة على إقليم الوجه البحري وبخاصة البحيرة، فانتقلت في عصر المماليك الجراكسة إلى الصعيد، وهنا بدأ دورها يعود للظهور مرة أخرى؛ إذ سادت القبائل العربية والمغربية بالصعيد وحمل أميرها، وبخاصة في بني عمر، لقب شيخ العرب دليلاً على السيادة والزعامة، كما شكل جزء من هذه القبيلة فرقة في الجيش المملوكي. أما عن قبيلة هوارة في عصر المماليك الجراكسة فقد انتقلوا إلى الصعيد، وانقسموا إلى فرعين، هما هوارة البحرية وتزعمها بنو مازن وبنو غريب، وهوارة القبلية وتزعمها بنو عمر، وكان فرع بني عمر هو الأقوى والمسيطر على الصعيد وقبائله، ولهذا تقربت منه الدولة ليكون سندها في السيطرة على الصعيد وحفظ نظامه وتأمين الحدود الجنوبية، ولكن هذا لم يمنع من أن تشوب هذه العلاقات الودية بين الدولة والقبيلة شيء من التوتر بين الحين والآخر، وهذا يرجع إلى طبيعة كل سلطان وقدرته على ضبط هذه العلاقة؛ لأنها في الأول والآخر علاقة مصالح مشتركة متى أضر بأحدهما وقع الخلاف. وهذا البحث يتحدث عن فروع هوارة بالصعيد والإمرة عليهم، وعلاقة الدولة بالقبيلة حتى نهاية العصر المملوكي ودخول العثمانيين مصر، ثم ينتقل إلى الحديث عن المظاهر الحضارية في قبيلة هوارة؛ فيصف هيئة شيخ القبيلة ومظهره وبعض العادات والتقاليد، ثم اهتمام الأمراء بالحياة الاقتصادية من زراعة وصناعة وتجارة، بالإضافة إلى الاهتمام بالعمران، والنشاط العلمي، وأسأل الله أن يكون هذا البحث خالصاً لوجهه الكريم، ونواة لدراسة أكثر شمولاً في المستقبل، والله - تعالى - الموفق. This paper studies the history of one of the most important Maghrebian tribes that moved to Egypt at the beginning of the Fatimid period. The Magherbians were the basis of strength for the Fatimids and they played a vital role in Egypt’s political events just like any of the other great tribes. However, the role they played began to wither due to the control of the Laguatan tribe over the lower province especially al-Buhayirah. Thus, during the Circassian Mamluk Period, the Magherbian tribes moved to upper Egypt. Afterwards, their role in Egypt that they had once played began to re-emerge and they took control of Arab and Maghrebian tribes in that area. The tribes’ princes, like the one from the tribe of Bani Omar, were given the title, “Sheikh,” as a sign of authority and leadership. A fraction of this tribe were part of the Mamluki army. In regards to the Houara tribe during the Circassian Mamluk period, they had moved to upper Egypt. They were divided into two groups: one was lower Houara that was headed by Bani Mazin and Bani Gharib, and the other was upper Houara that was headed by Bani Omar. The latter was the strongest of the tribes and controlled the whole of the upper region. The state depended on this part of the tribe to be its support in ruling the upper lands and to keep the southern borders secure. Nevertheless, from time to time the tribes and the state would clash due to conflicting interests. This paper illustrates the branches of the Houara tribe within upper Egypt, and the relationship between the state and the tribe until the end of the Mamluki era and the rise of the Ottomans in Egypt. Next, the paper examines the cultural aspects in the Houara tribe. It describes the appearance of the Sheikh, some of the tribe’s traditions, as well as the level of interest the princes’ had in economics in all fields such as agriculture, industry, trade, construction, and scientific activity. This paper studies the history of one of the most important Maghrebian tribes that moved to Egypt at the beginning of the Fatimid period. The Magherbians were the basis of strength for the Fatimids and they played a vital role in Egypt’s political events just like any of the other great tribes. However, the role they played began to wither due to the control of the Laguatan tribe over the lower province especially al-Buhayirah. Thus, during the Circassian Mamluk Period, the Magherbian tribes moved to upper Egypt. Afterwards, their role in Egypt that they had once played began to re-emerge and they took control of Arab and Maghrebian tribes in that area. The tribes’ princes, like the one from the tribe of Bani Omar, were given the title, “Sheikh,” as a sign of authority and leadership. A fraction of this tribe were part of the Mamluki army. In regards to the Houara tribe during the Circassian Mamluk period, they had moved to upper Egypt. They were divided into two groups: one was lower Houara that was headed by Bani Mazin and Bani Gharib, and the other was upper Houara that was headed by Bani Omar. The latter was the strongest of the tribes and controlled the whole of the upper region. The state depended on this part of the tribe to be its support in ruling the upper lands and to keep the southern borders secure. Nevertheless, from time to time the tribes and the state would clash due to conflicting interests. This paper illustrates the branches of the Houara tribe within upper Egypt, and the relationship between the state and the tribe until the end of the Mamluki era and the rise of the Ottomans in Egypt. Next, the paper examines the cultural aspects in the Houara tribe. It describes the appearance of the Sheikh, some of the tribe’s traditions, as well as the level of interest the princes’ had in economics in all fields such as agriculture, industry, trade, construction, and scientific activity.

Görüntüle al-Majallah al-ʻArabīyah lil-ʻulūm al-insānīyah, 2017-07, Vol.35 (139), p.223-251