Kitāb al-suʾl wa-al-umnīyah fī taʿlīm al-furūsīyah كتاب السؤل والامنية في تعلم أعمال الفروسية Aqsarā’ī, Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsá أقسرائي، محمد بن عيسى
( كتاب السؤل والامنية في تعلم أعمال الفروسية أقسرائي، محمد بن عيسى)

Name: Kitāb al-suʾl wa-al-umnīyah fī taʿlīm al-furūsīyah كتاب السؤل والامنية في تعلم أعمال الفروسية Aqsarā’ī, Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsá أقسرائي، محمد بن عيسى
Author: a scribe who names himself in the colophon Section at the end of a manuscript text. simply as ʻAlī

İsim	Kitāb al-suʾl wa-al-umnīyah fī taʿlīm al-furūsīyah كتاب السؤل والامنية في تعلم أعمال الفروسية Aqsarā’ī, Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsá أقسرائي، محمد بن عيسى
İsim Orijinal	كتاب السؤل والامنية في تعلم أعمال الفروسية أقسرائي، محمد بن عيسى
Yazar	a scribe who names himself in the colophon Section at the end of a manuscript text. simply as ʻAlī
Basım Tarihi:	12 Rabīʻ II 1257 (AH, Hijri qamari)
Konu	1
Tür	Kitap
Dil	Arapça
Dijital	Evet
Yazma	Evet
Sayfa Sayısı	1
Fiziksel Boyutlar	302 x 207 mm
Kütüphane:	Katar Dijital Kütüphanesi
Demirbaş Numarası	Add MS 23488
Kayıt Numarası	vdc_100099022943.0x000001
Lokasyon	British Library: Oriental Manuscripts
Tarih	12 Rabīʻ II 1257 (AH, Hijri qamari)
Notlar	A Mamluk manual on horsemanship, military arts and technology, attributed to Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsá ibn Ismāʿīl al-Ḥanafī al-Aqsarāʾī (محمد بن عيسى بن إسماعيل الحنفي الأقسرائي, d. ca 1349). The copy was completed on 12 Rabīʻ II 1257/ 3 June 1841 by a scribe who names himself in the colophon Section at the end of a manuscript text. simply as ʻAlī (see colophon Section at the end of a manuscript text. , f. 154v, lines 12-20, transcribed below). Occasional gaps in places, and stacking up of the text at the end of lines in others, suggest lacunae in the exemplar, and an effort on the part of the scribe to reflect its layout faithfully. The fact that the copy was produced only two years before its previous owner Colonel Robert Taylor (1788-1852) left his post as Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in Baghdad (1828-43), as well as the absence of indication of prior ownership, makes it possible that Taylor himself commissioned the copy or procured it directly after its creation. The Almasso countermarks of the present volume's papers indicate the product of the Magnani brothers of Pescia, Tuscany (see Walz, Terence, 'The Paper Trade of Egypt and the Sudan in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries and Its Re-export To The Bilād as-Sudān', in Krätli, Graziano and Ghislaine Lydon [eds.], The Trans-Saharan Book Trade: Manuscript Culture, Arabic Literacy and Intellectual History in Muslim Africa , Leiden: Brill [2011], pp. 73-107, esp. p. 88). Contents: Preface and introduction, on the virtues of jihad (ff. 2v-19v); Book 1: Instruction in archery (الكتاب الأول في التعليم لرماية النشاب, ff. 19v-24v); Book on the illnesses that afflict the archer's body (كتاب في العلل التي تلحق الرامي في بدنه, ff. 24v-28v); Book 3: Instruction in the lance (الكتاب الثالث في تعليم الرمح, ff. 28v-68v); Teaching 3: Swordsmanship (التعليم الثالث في العمل بالسيف, ff. 68v-87v); Teaching 4: The shield (التعليم الرابع في الترس, ff. 87v-88v); Teaching 5: Using the mace (التعليم الخامس في العمل بالعمود, ff. 88v); Teaching 6: The art of soldiers and cavalrymen (التعليم السادس في صناعة الجنود والفرسان, ff. 88v-93r); Teaching 7: Discussion of weapons (التعليم السابع في ذكر الأسلحة, ff. 93r-112v); Teaching 8: The conscription, assembling and management of troops (التعليم الثامن في عقد الجيوش وجمعها وآلاتها, ff. 112v-120v); Section on the battle lines (فصل في الصفوف, ff. 120v-125r). Add. MS 18866 entitles this chapter 'Teaching 9: Arrangement of battle lines by the general' (التعليم التاسع في تعبية الأمير الصفوف في القتال); Teaching 10: Military strategies with incendiaries (التعليم العاشر في المكايد الحربية من تسليط النيران, ff. 125r-127v); Teaching 11: The division of spoils (التعليم الحادي عشر في قسمة الغنائم, ff. 127v-149v); Teaching 12: What the soldier needs (التعليم الثاني عشر فيما يحتاج إليه المحارب , ff. 149v-154v). The text includes a number of extracts from other works including poetic verses, passages from the Greek military writer The lowest of the four classes into which East India Company civil servants were divided. A Writer’s duties originally consisted mostly of copying documents and book-keeping. Aelian's (اليانس) treatise Tactica (written ca 106 CE), and a treatise on sword making by the philosopher al-Kindī (d. c. 870), addressed to the Caliph al-Mu‘taṣim (باب في السيوف وأنواعها وسقاياتها وهي رسالة أبي يوسف يعقوب بن إسحق الكندي للخليفة المعتصم, f. 83v). Spaces left for illustrations, with captions written vertically in the fore-edge margins: 'Illustration of two horsemen whose lance-heads are between each other's shoulder-blades' (صورة فارسين سنان كل واحد منهما بين كتفي صاحبه, f. 57v); 'Illustration of a number of horsemen taking part in a contest, their lances on their shoulders' (صورة عدة الفرسان يلعبون ناوردًا ورماحهم على أكتافهم, f. 58v); 'Illustration of a horseman taking part in a game with a lance, the lance-head being in his hand and its shaft to his rear' (صورة فارس يلعب برمح وسنان الرمح في يده وعقبه الى خلف, f. 59v); 'Illustration of a horseman on a steed, brandishing two lances in his hand' (صورة فارس علي جواد وبيده رمحين يلعب بهما, f. 64r); 'Illustration of a horseman standing up in his saddle on a black steed and impaling a bear in front of the horse' (صورة فارس قائم في سرجه على جواد أدهم وقد طعن دب من قدام الفرس, f. 69v); 'Illustration of a horseman brandishing his sword, riding a furious steed' (صورة فارس يلعب بسيف على جواد أشهب, f. 70r); 'Illustration of a horseman with a sword in his hand and his sleeve wound over his hand as he rises out of his saddle and strikes with the sword' (صورة فارس وفي يده سيف وكمه ملفوف علي يده وهو بارز عن سرجه وهو يضرب بالسيف, f. 71r); 'Illustration of a horseman with a sword in his hand with which he strikes from the horse's ear as far back as its right croup' (صورة فارس وبيده سيف يضرب به من أذن الفرس الى كفله الأيمن, f. 72v); 'Illustration of a horseman on a red steed with the edge of the sword under his right armpit, the hilt in his left hand with the reins' (صورة الفارس على جواد أحمر وذبابة السيف تحت إبطه الأيمن والقائم في يساره مع العنان, f. 73v); 'Description [!] of a horseman with a small shield in his hand and a sword in his [other] hand which he brandishes left and right' (صفة [!] فارس بيده درقة صغيرة وبيده سيف يلوح به يمينًا وشمالاً, f. 75r); 'Description [!] of a horseman with a hide shield over his face, the sword edge under his right armpit and the hilt on his left' (صفة [!] فارس ودرقته على وجهه وذبابة السيف تحت إبطه الأيمن والقائم في شماله, f. 75r); 'Illustration of a horseman with an iron helmet on his head, with a sword. A fire is lit on the helmet, the sword blade and in the middle of the shield' (صورة فارس على رأسه خوذة حديد ومعه سيف والنار تاجج في الخوذة وفي ذباب السيف ووسط الترس, f. 76r); 'Illustration of a horseman with a sword in his right hand, its blade on his left shoulder and a sword in his left hand whose blade is under his right armpit' (صورة فارس ومعه سيف في يده اليمنى وذبابته على كتفه الأسر وفي يده اليسرى سيف وذبابته تحت إبطه اليمين, f. 76v); 'Illustration of a horseman with a sword in his left hand and its tip under his left armpit' (صورة فارس في يده اليسرى سيف وذبابته تحت إبطه الأيمن, f. 77v); 'Illustration of two horsemen wheeling around, with a sword in each one's hand on the horse's back' (صورة فارسين متجاولين في يديهما سيفين كل واحد منهما سيفه على متنه, f. 78r); 'Illustration of a horseman with two swords and two small hide shields, one up at his face and the other in his hand with the sword' (صورة فارس معه سيفين ودرقتين صغار درقة على وجهه والأخرى في يده مع السيف الواحد, f. 78v); 'Illustration of a horseman with a lance in his hand which he is dragging behind him, and a shield in his other hand' (صورة فارس بيده رمح يجرّه ويرأه وفي يده الأخرى ترس, f. 80r); 'Illustration of a horseman with a lance in his hand which he is brandishing, and bearing a shield, taking part in a contest' (صورة فارس بيده رمح يلعب به ودرقته تحميله يلعب ناورداً, f. 80v); 'Description [!] of four horsemen, each one with a sword and a hide shield, and each [man's] shield on his horse's croup' (صفة [!] أربع فوارس كل منهم معه سيف ودرقة وكل درقة على كفل فرسه, f. 81v). Diagrams, executed in red and black ink, with captions: Space left for a table of the 'dispatches' (تساريح) of Shaykh Najm al-Dīn al-Aḥdab, with caption: و هذه صورة الجذل [!], f. 45r); Twelve diagrams of dressage patterns (ميادين, ff. 52v-55r); Diagram of a parade ground (الموكب, ff. 55v-56r); 'Seven shapes' [of military insignia] (سبعة أشكال, ff. 114r-116v); Three sketches of Euclidean figures (الأشكال التي ذكرها أقليدس, see f. 120, line 12) used by the ancient Greeks as military insignia (ff. 120r-120v); A mangonel missile (f. 126v). Begins (f. 2v, lines 1-4): الحمد لله ناصر من أطاعه واتّقاه وكاسر من حاده وعصاه ورادع من أعرض عنه وعاداه ووادع من اعتقد أن لا إله سواه أحمده حمد من أيقن بنفعه وضرره وأذعن لقضائه وقدره وبذل مهجته في نصرة دينه وأقرّ بالوحدانية انقيادًا لتمكينه … Ends (f. 154v, lines 9-12): ...مرهم النورة المستعملة وحدها يؤخذ نورة وتشد في خرقة دقيقة وتحرك في إناء فيه ماء حتى يخرج ما فيه من النورة ويبقى التلف وتترك حتى يصفى ثم يصب الماء عنه ويلقى عليه زيت ويضرب حتى يجتمع ويستعمل وبتمام هذه المراهم تم الكتاب السؤل والأمنية في تعليم الأعمال الفروسية ... Colophon Section at the end of a manuscript text. (f. 154v, lines 12-20): ... وواقف بحمد لله الفراغ منه عشية ليلة الخميس لإثنى عشر ليلة مضت من شهر ربيع الثاني من سنة السابعة والخمسين غب المائتين والألف من هجرة من له العز والشرف بقلم علي
Erişim Koşulları	Unrestricted
Bulma Yardımcıları	Cureton, William and Charles Rieu, Catalogus codicum manuscriptorum orientalium qui in Museo Britannico asservantur. Pars secunda, codices arabicos amplectens (London: The British Museum, 1846-71), Item 1463, p. 667
Edinme Kaynağı	Purchased from Mrs Taylor, widow of Colonel Robert Taylor (1788-1852), Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in Baghdad (1828-43), 14 April 1860
Köken	Colonel Robert Taylor (1788-1852), Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in Baghdad (1828-43)
Seçilmiş kaynakça	Partial translations: Jensen, Kjersti Enger, The Mamluk Lancer: A philological study of Nihāyat al-su ʾl wa-ʾl-ʾumnīya fī taʿlīm ʾaʿ māl al-furūsīya (Unpublished Master's thesis, University of Oslo, 2013) Tantum, Geoffrey, 'Muslim warfare: a study of a medieval Muslim treatise on the art of war', in Islamic Arms and Armour , Robert Elgood, ed. (London: Scolar Press, 1979) Studies: Al-Sarraf, Shihab, 'Mamluk Furūsīyah Literature and Its Antecedents', Mamluk Studies Review , 8 (Chicago: Middle East Documentation Center, The University of Chicago, 2004), pp. 141-200 Smith, G. Rex, Medieval Muslim Horsemanship. A Fourteenth-Century Arabic Cavalry Manual (London: The British Library 1979) On ALMASSO papers: Krätli, Graziano and Ghislaine Lydon (eds.), The Trans-Saharan Book Trade: Manuscript Culture, Arabic Literacy and Intellectual History in Muslim Africa, Leiden: Brill (2011)

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Kitāb al-suʾl wa-al-umnīyah fī taʿlīm al-furūsīyah كتاب السؤل والامنية في تعلم أعمال الفروسية Aqsarā’ī, Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsá أقسرائي، محمد بن عيسى

( كتاب السؤل والامنية في تعلم أعمال الفروسية أقسرائي، محمد بن عيسى)

Yazar a scribe who names himself in the colophon Section at the end of a manuscript text. simply as ʻAlī

Basım Tarihi 12 Rabīʻ II 1257 (AH, Hijri qamari)

Konu 1

Tür Kitap

Dil Arapça

Dijital Evet

Yazma Evet

Sayfa Sayısı 1

Fiziksel Boyutlar 302 x 207 mm

Kütüphane Katar Dijital Kütüphanesi

Demirbaş Numarası Add MS 23488

Kayıt Numarası vdc_100099022943.0x000001

Lokasyon British Library: Oriental Manuscripts

Tarih 12 Rabīʻ II 1257 (AH, Hijri qamari)

Notlar A Mamluk manual on horsemanship, military arts and technology, attributed to Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsá ibn Ismāʿīl al-Ḥanafī al-Aqsarāʾī (محمد بن عيسى بن إسماعيل الحنفي الأقسرائي, d. ca 1349). The copy was completed on 12 Rabīʻ II 1257/ 3 June 1841 by a scribe who names himself in the colophon Section at the end of a manuscript text. simply as ʻAlī (see colophon Section at the end of a manuscript text. , f. 154v, lines 12-20, transcribed below). Occasional gaps in places, and stacking up of the text at the end of lines in others, suggest lacunae in the exemplar, and an effort on the part of the scribe to reflect its layout faithfully. The fact that the copy was produced only two years before its previous owner Colonel Robert Taylor (1788-1852) left his post as Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in Baghdad (1828-43), as well as the absence of indication of prior ownership, makes it possible that Taylor himself commissioned the copy or procured it directly after its creation. The Almasso countermarks of the present volume's papers indicate the product of the Magnani brothers of Pescia, Tuscany (see Walz, Terence, 'The Paper Trade of Egypt and the Sudan in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries and Its Re-export To The Bilād as-Sudān', in Krätli, Graziano and Ghislaine Lydon [eds.], The Trans-Saharan Book Trade: Manuscript Culture, Arabic Literacy and Intellectual History in Muslim Africa , Leiden: Brill [2011], pp. 73-107, esp. p. 88). Contents: Preface and introduction, on the virtues of jihad (ff. 2v-19v); Book 1: Instruction in archery (الكتاب الأول في التعليم لرماية النشاب, ff. 19v-24v); Book on the illnesses that afflict the archer's body (كتاب في العلل التي تلحق الرامي في بدنه, ff. 24v-28v); Book 3: Instruction in the lance (الكتاب الثالث في تعليم الرمح, ff. 28v-68v); Teaching 3: Swordsmanship (التعليم الثالث في العمل بالسيف, ff. 68v-87v); Teaching 4: The shield (التعليم الرابع في الترس, ff. 87v-88v); Teaching 5: Using the mace (التعليم الخامس في العمل بالعمود, ff. 88v); Teaching 6: The art of soldiers and cavalrymen (التعليم السادس في صناعة الجنود والفرسان, ff. 88v-93r); Teaching 7: Discussion of weapons (التعليم السابع في ذكر الأسلحة, ff. 93r-112v); Teaching 8: The conscription, assembling and management of troops (التعليم الثامن في عقد الجيوش وجمعها وآلاتها, ff. 112v-120v); Section on the battle lines (فصل في الصفوف, ff. 120v-125r). Add. MS 18866 entitles this chapter 'Teaching 9: Arrangement of battle lines by the general' (التعليم التاسع في تعبية الأمير الصفوف في القتال); Teaching 10: Military strategies with incendiaries (التعليم العاشر في المكايد الحربية من تسليط النيران, ff. 125r-127v); Teaching 11: The division of spoils (التعليم الحادي عشر في قسمة الغنائم, ff. 127v-149v); Teaching 12: What the soldier needs (التعليم الثاني عشر فيما يحتاج إليه المحارب , ff. 149v-154v). The text includes a number of extracts from other works including poetic verses, passages from the Greek military writer The lowest of the four classes into which East India Company civil servants were divided. A Writer’s duties originally consisted mostly of copying documents and book-keeping. Aelian's (اليانس) treatise Tactica (written ca 106 CE), and a treatise on sword making by the philosopher al-Kindī (d. c. 870), addressed to the Caliph al-Mu‘taṣim (باب في السيوف وأنواعها وسقاياتها وهي رسالة أبي يوسف يعقوب بن إسحق الكندي للخليفة المعتصم, f. 83v). Spaces left for illustrations, with captions written vertically in the fore-edge margins: 'Illustration of two horsemen whose lance-heads are between each other's shoulder-blades' (صورة فارسين سنان كل واحد منهما بين كتفي صاحبه, f. 57v); 'Illustration of a number of horsemen taking part in a contest, their lances on their shoulders' (صورة عدة الفرسان يلعبون ناوردًا ورماحهم على أكتافهم, f. 58v); 'Illustration of a horseman taking part in a game with a lance, the lance-head being in his hand and its shaft to his rear' (صورة فارس يلعب برمح وسنان الرمح في يده وعقبه الى خلف, f. 59v); 'Illustration of a horseman on a steed, brandishing two lances in his hand' (صورة فارس علي جواد وبيده رمحين يلعب بهما, f. 64r); 'Illustration of a horseman standing up in his saddle on a black steed and impaling a bear in front of the horse' (صورة فارس قائم في سرجه على جواد أدهم وقد طعن دب من قدام الفرس, f. 69v); 'Illustration of a horseman brandishing his sword, riding a furious steed' (صورة فارس يلعب بسيف على جواد أشهب, f. 70r); 'Illustration of a horseman with a sword in his hand and his sleeve wound over his hand as he rises out of his saddle and strikes with the sword' (صورة فارس وفي يده سيف وكمه ملفوف علي يده وهو بارز عن سرجه وهو يضرب بالسيف, f. 71r); 'Illustration of a horseman with a sword in his hand with which he strikes from the horse's ear as far back as its right croup' (صورة فارس وبيده سيف يضرب به من أذن الفرس الى كفله الأيمن, f. 72v); 'Illustration of a horseman on a red steed with the edge of the sword under his right armpit, the hilt in his left hand with the reins' (صورة الفارس على جواد أحمر وذبابة السيف تحت إبطه الأيمن والقائم في يساره مع العنان, f. 73v); 'Description [!] of a horseman with a small shield in his hand and a sword in his [other] hand which he brandishes left and right' (صفة [!] فارس بيده درقة صغيرة وبيده سيف يلوح به يمينًا وشمالاً, f. 75r); 'Description [!] of a horseman with a hide shield over his face, the sword edge under his right armpit and the hilt on his left' (صفة [!] فارس ودرقته على وجهه وذبابة السيف تحت إبطه الأيمن والقائم في شماله, f. 75r); 'Illustration of a horseman with an iron helmet on his head, with a sword. A fire is lit on the helmet, the sword blade and in the middle of the shield' (صورة فارس على رأسه خوذة حديد ومعه سيف والنار تاجج في الخوذة وفي ذباب السيف ووسط الترس, f. 76r); 'Illustration of a horseman with a sword in his right hand, its blade on his left shoulder and a sword in his left hand whose blade is under his right armpit' (صورة فارس ومعه سيف في يده اليمنى وذبابته على كتفه الأسر وفي يده اليسرى سيف وذبابته تحت إبطه اليمين, f. 76v); 'Illustration of a horseman with a sword in his left hand and its tip under his left armpit' (صورة فارس في يده اليسرى سيف وذبابته تحت إبطه الأيمن, f. 77v); 'Illustration of two horsemen wheeling around, with a sword in each one's hand on the horse's back' (صورة فارسين متجاولين في يديهما سيفين كل واحد منهما سيفه على متنه, f. 78r); 'Illustration of a horseman with two swords and two small hide shields, one up at his face and the other in his hand with the sword' (صورة فارس معه سيفين ودرقتين صغار درقة على وجهه والأخرى في يده مع السيف الواحد, f. 78v); 'Illustration of a horseman with a lance in his hand which he is dragging behind him, and a shield in his other hand' (صورة فارس بيده رمح يجرّه ويرأه وفي يده الأخرى ترس, f. 80r); 'Illustration of a horseman with a lance in his hand which he is brandishing, and bearing a shield, taking part in a contest' (صورة فارس بيده رمح يلعب به ودرقته تحميله يلعب ناورداً, f. 80v); 'Description [!] of four horsemen, each one with a sword and a hide shield, and each [man's] shield on his horse's croup' (صفة [!] أربع فوارس كل منهم معه سيف ودرقة وكل درقة على كفل فرسه, f. 81v). Diagrams, executed in red and black ink, with captions: Space left for a table of the 'dispatches' (تساريح) of Shaykh Najm al-Dīn al-Aḥdab, with caption: و هذه صورة الجذل [!], f. 45r); Twelve diagrams of dressage patterns (ميادين, ff. 52v-55r); Diagram of a parade ground (الموكب, ff. 55v-56r); 'Seven shapes' [of military insignia] (سبعة أشكال, ff. 114r-116v); Three sketches of Euclidean figures (الأشكال التي ذكرها أقليدس, see f. 120, line 12) used by the ancient Greeks as military insignia (ff. 120r-120v); A mangonel missile (f. 126v). Begins (f. 2v, lines 1-4): الحمد لله ناصر من أطاعه واتّقاه وكاسر من حاده وعصاه ورادع من أعرض عنه وعاداه ووادع من اعتقد أن لا إله سواه أحمده حمد من أيقن بنفعه وضرره وأذعن لقضائه وقدره وبذل مهجته في نصرة دينه وأقرّ بالوحدانية انقيادًا لتمكينه … Ends (f. 154v, lines 9-12): ...مرهم النورة المستعملة وحدها يؤخذ نورة وتشد في خرقة دقيقة وتحرك في إناء فيه ماء حتى يخرج ما فيه من النورة ويبقى التلف وتترك حتى يصفى ثم يصب الماء عنه ويلقى عليه زيت ويضرب حتى يجتمع ويستعمل وبتمام هذه المراهم تم الكتاب السؤل والأمنية في تعليم الأعمال الفروسية ... Colophon Section at the end of a manuscript text. (f. 154v, lines 12-20): ... وواقف بحمد لله الفراغ منه عشية ليلة الخميس لإثنى عشر ليلة مضت من شهر ربيع الثاني من سنة السابعة والخمسين غب المائتين والألف من هجرة من له العز والشرف بقلم علي

Erişim Koşulları Unrestricted

Bulma Yardımcıları Cureton, William and Charles Rieu, Catalogus codicum manuscriptorum orientalium qui in Museo Britannico asservantur. Pars secunda, codices arabicos amplectens (London: The British Museum, 1846-71), Item 1463, p. 667

Edinme Kaynağı Purchased from Mrs Taylor, widow of Colonel Robert Taylor (1788-1852), Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in Baghdad (1828-43), 14 April 1860

Köken Colonel Robert Taylor (1788-1852), Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in Baghdad (1828-43)

Seçilmiş kaynakça Partial translations: Jensen, Kjersti Enger, The Mamluk Lancer: A philological study of Nihāyat al-su ʾl wa-ʾl-ʾumnīya fī taʿlīm ʾaʿ māl al-furūsīya (Unpublished Master's thesis, University of Oslo, 2013) Tantum, Geoffrey, 'Muslim warfare: a study of a medieval Muslim treatise on the art of war', in Islamic Arms and Armour , Robert Elgood, ed. (London: Scolar Press, 1979) Studies: Al-Sarraf, Shihab, 'Mamluk Furūsīyah Literature and Its Antecedents', Mamluk Studies Review , 8 (Chicago: Middle East Documentation Center, The University of Chicago, 2004), pp. 141-200 Smith, G. Rex, Medieval Muslim Horsemanship. A Fourteenth-Century Arabic Cavalry Manual (London: The British Library 1979) On ALMASSO papers: Krätli, Graziano and Ghislaine Lydon (eds.), The Trans-Saharan Book Trade: Manuscript Culture, Arabic Literacy and Intellectual History in Muslim Africa, Leiden: Brill (2011)