[al-Qurʼān, late 19th or early 20th century?].
([القرآن، اواخر القرن 19م او اوائل القرن 20م؟].)

İsim	[al-Qurʼān, late 19th or early 20th century?].
İsim Orijinal	[القرآن، اواخر القرن 19م او اوائل القرن 20م؟].
Basım Tarihi:	[1890-1920?]
Konu	Manuscripts, Arabic, Manuscripts, Arabic / Michigan, Manuscripts, Arabic / Michigan / Ann Arbor., Headpieces (layout features)
Tür	Kitap
Dil	Arapça
Dijital	Hayır
Yazma	Bilinmiyor
Fiziksel Boyutlar	504, i leaves : paper ; 215 x 170 (105 x 95) bound to 230 x 190 mm. + 1 leather satchel (255 x 190 mm.) with woven leather strap.
Kütüphane:	HathiTrust Dijital Kütüphanesi
Kayıt Numarası	102355144
Lokasyon	University of Michigan
Notlar	About: Careful copy of the Qurʼān (muṣḥaf) from West Africa, in typical loose-leaf format with leather wrapper and satchel. \| Shelfmark: Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, Special Collections Research Center, Isl. Ms. 1061 Origin: Lacks dated colophon ; hand, decoration, format, writing material, enclosure, etc. suggest production of West Africa, in particular the Borno / Bornu area of historical Central Sudan (present-day northeastern Nigeria and parts of Niger and Chad). Walz suggests that paper with "Andrea Galvani Pordenone" was probably not used in the western Sudan before 1870 (Walz, "The Paper Trade of Egypt and the Sudan," p.101). The "Andrea Galvani Pordenone" script countermark appearing here with tre lune / three crescents mark on machine made paper (ie Biddle type AGmm4) suggests late 19th or early 20th century Nigeria. Biddle has determined that machine-made Galvani paper was in production from 1890s (Biddle 2017 p.56 ff). A significant number of manuscripts now held in The 'Umar Falke Collection and The John Paden Collection in the Herskovits Library of African Studies at Northwestern University are reportedly on paper marked with "Andrea Galvani Pordenone" (script or block letters, unclear) and tre lune. These manuscripts were chiefly produced in Nigeria during the 19th and 20th centuries. Accompanying materials: Scrap of paper cut from a typeset page between p.124-125 Binding: Limp leather wrapper (inner and outer layers of dark brown leather, primarily stitched together) with envelope flap encloses unbound, unsewn single folios ; piece of hide (hair left on) placed at opening and close of text block ; leather thong with cowrie shell at knotted end extends from envelope flap to encircle and secure wrapper around text block ; accompanied by carrying case / bag / satchel in light and dark brown leathers with interior and exterior flaps in tooled and woven leather designs, partially lined in paper and cloth, with braided leather strap fastened by knots to woven loops ; overall in somewhat poor condition with leather embrittled, abrasion, losses and tears to wrapper and satchel ; contemporary sewn mends ; housed in box for protection. Support: European machine laid paper, mainly with 7 laid lines per cm. (vertical), chain lines (horizontal) spaced roughly 28 mm. apart, and watermarks of three crescents (80 mm. long, perpendicular to chains, see p.8, 10, 24, 26, 160, 230, 764, 812, etc.) with Andrea Galvani Pordenone in script (see p.2, 13, 20, 250, 431, 767, 886, 922, etc. and compare Heawood 860, 879 / 880, Walz, "The Paper Trade of Egypt and the Sudan" p.89, 97 ff., 100-101, Viola 2015 p.354-355 and Biddle 2017 p.60 type AGmm4), brown in color, of medium thickness ; another type with 7 laid lines per cm. (vertical), chain lines about 24 mm. apart (horizontal), and watermark of three crescents (72 mm. long, perpendicular to chains, see p.88, 286, 380, 692, 702, 714, etc.), lighter in color ; seemingly unburnished throughout ; numerous edge tears and creases ; mends stitched in white thread in p.9/10, 123/124, 125/126, 289/290, 719/720. Decoration: Rectangular headpieces, chiefly in yellow and red geometric designs mark each quarter of the Qurʼān including close of Sūrat al-Fātiḥah / opening of Sūrat al-Baqarah (p.2), full double-page rectangular decoration featuring annular designs interspersed with strapwork at close of Sūrat al-Anʻām (6) / opening of Sūrat al-Aʻrāf (7) (p.238-239), square headpiece of geometric designs at opening of Sūrat Maryam (19) (p.[485]), and full page rectangular headpiece in red, yellow, and black geometric interlace design at opening of Sūrat Dāwūd (i.e. Sūrat Ṣād / 38) (p.734) ; sūrah headings and vocalization rubricated ; textual dividers include three rings (arranged in triangular form, as trefoil) outlined in red with waxy yellow infill marking ends of verses, large roundel / ring in faded black with red and yellow accents marking every tenth verse (see p.4, etc), and smaller ring (evoking letter hamzah) in red marking end of every fifth verse (see p.2, 3, etc.) ; marginal decorations include large polychrome roundels (often five-part) marking each ḥizb (see p.20, 37, 52, etc.), occasionally double to mark sevenths (subʻ / سبع cf. Safwat, "Golden Pages" p.284 / 286), double roundels marking sujūd / sajdat al-tilāwah (p. 283, 404, 438, etc.), and decorations of mainly three rings in triangular form (outlined in red, occasionally infilled with yellow) and elongated frames featuring letters thāʼ, bāʼ, and nūn in black ink that appear to mark thumn, rubʻ, thulth, and niṣf (see p.5, 8, 9, 12, etc.). Compare Brockett's observations for Leeds Arabic ms. 301 in "Aspects of the Physical Transmission of the Qurʼan in 19th-century Sudan," p.46-47. Script: Sūdānī script, central Sudanic family (cf. Nobili "Arabic scripts in West African manuscripts," p.117, 121-124) and more specifically the script of Borno referred to as "Borno court hand" (Bivar) and Barnāwī (Brigaglia and Nobili) ; chiefly serifless with occasional very slight inclination of ascenders to the left ; adhering uniformly to the horizontal baseline in the manner of Early ʻAbbāsid / Kufic script with the effect of letterforms emerging out of a horizontal line ; joined alif with typically distinct tail / spur ; pointing in distinct, heavy dots with fāʼ and qāf pointed in Maghribi fashion (one point under fāʼ, one point above qāf) and final fā, qāf, and nūn characteristically unpointed ; spaciously open counters with medial hāʼ of two curved strokes rising from baseline ; ṣād, ḍād, etc. somewhat elongated in the horizontal, flattened, and without denticle ; kāf mabsūṭah preferred, horizontally elongated ; tail of final mīm quite abbreviated, tapered slightly and fairly vertical ; denticles on the whole are quite tall, often rising to the height of ascenders such as alif, lām, etc., especially in initial bāʼ of basmalah ; descenders diagonal from the baseline, elongated and flattened though terminating in a slight curve upward that occasionally hooks back (i.e. on final nūn, yāʼ, etc) ; final yāʼ / alif maqṣūrah occasionally mardūdah / reversed to the right ; bowl of final nūn quite flattened and angled, as with foot of final lām ; line thickness varies ; fully vocalized ; colored dots represent orthographic variants of hamzah (see e.g. p.488) ; replacement leaves (p.1/2 and p.939/940) in different ink / hand. Layout: Written in 14-16 lines per page (single column). Collation: 504 unbound single folios followed by a single flyleaf ; catchwords present ; pagination in pencil, Western numerals, supplied during cataloguing ; mistakenly skips from 887 to 880, thereafter off by 8 pages. Explicit: "سورة الناس مدنية وهي ست ايات بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم قل اعوذ برب الناس ملك الناس اله الناس من شر الوسواس الخناس الذي يوسوس صدور الناس من الجنة والناس الخضر الياس" Incipit: "سورة فاتحة الكتاب مكية وهي سبع ايات بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم الحمد لله رب العالمين الرحمن الرحيم ملك يوم الدين اياك نعبد واياك نستعين اهدنا الصراط المستقيم صراط الذين انعمت عليهم غير المغضوب عليهم ولا الضالين" Title supplied by cataloguer. Ms. codex. Occasional marginal corrections of omission (see e.g. p.231, etc.) ; otherwise fairly clean copy.

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[al-Qurʼān, late 19th or early 20th century?].

([القرآن، اواخر القرن 19م او اوائل القرن 20م؟].)

Basım Tarihi [1890-1920?]

Konu Manuscripts, Arabic, Manuscripts, Arabic / Michigan, Manuscripts, Arabic / Michigan / Ann Arbor., Headpieces (layout features)

Tür Kitap

Dil Arapça

Dijital Hayır

Yazma Bilinmiyor

Fiziksel Boyutlar 504, i leaves : paper ; 215 x 170 (105 x 95) bound to 230 x 190 mm. + 1 leather satchel (255 x 190 mm.) with woven leather strap.

Kütüphane HathiTrust Dijital Kütüphanesi

Kayıt Numarası 102355144

Lokasyon University of Michigan

Notlar About: Careful copy of the Qurʼān (muṣḥaf) from West Africa, in typical loose-leaf format with leather wrapper and satchel. | Shelfmark: Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, Special Collections Research Center, Isl. Ms. 1061 Origin: Lacks dated colophon ; hand, decoration, format, writing material, enclosure, etc. suggest production of West Africa, in particular the Borno / Bornu area of historical Central Sudan (present-day northeastern Nigeria and parts of Niger and Chad). Walz suggests that paper with "Andrea Galvani Pordenone" was probably not used in the western Sudan before 1870 (Walz, "The Paper Trade of Egypt and the Sudan," p.101). The "Andrea Galvani Pordenone" script countermark appearing here with tre lune / three crescents mark on machine made paper (ie Biddle type AGmm4) suggests late 19th or early 20th century Nigeria. Biddle has determined that machine-made Galvani paper was in production from 1890s (Biddle 2017 p.56 ff). A significant number of manuscripts now held in The 'Umar Falke Collection and The John Paden Collection in the Herskovits Library of African Studies at Northwestern University are reportedly on paper marked with "Andrea Galvani Pordenone" (script or block letters, unclear) and tre lune. These manuscripts were chiefly produced in Nigeria during the 19th and 20th centuries. Accompanying materials: Scrap of paper cut from a typeset page between p.124-125 Binding: Limp leather wrapper (inner and outer layers of dark brown leather, primarily stitched together) with envelope flap encloses unbound, unsewn single folios ; piece of hide (hair left on) placed at opening and close of text block ; leather thong with cowrie shell at knotted end extends from envelope flap to encircle and secure wrapper around text block ; accompanied by carrying case / bag / satchel in light and dark brown leathers with interior and exterior flaps in tooled and woven leather designs, partially lined in paper and cloth, with braided leather strap fastened by knots to woven loops ; overall in somewhat poor condition with leather embrittled, abrasion, losses and tears to wrapper and satchel ; contemporary sewn mends ; housed in box for protection. Support: European machine laid paper, mainly with 7 laid lines per cm. (vertical), chain lines (horizontal) spaced roughly 28 mm. apart, and watermarks of three crescents (80 mm. long, perpendicular to chains, see p.8, 10, 24, 26, 160, 230, 764, 812, etc.) with Andrea Galvani Pordenone in script (see p.2, 13, 20, 250, 431, 767, 886, 922, etc. and compare Heawood 860, 879 / 880, Walz, "The Paper Trade of Egypt and the Sudan" p.89, 97 ff., 100-101, Viola 2015 p.354-355 and Biddle 2017 p.60 type AGmm4), brown in color, of medium thickness ; another type with 7 laid lines per cm. (vertical), chain lines about 24 mm. apart (horizontal), and watermark of three crescents (72 mm. long, perpendicular to chains, see p.88, 286, 380, 692, 702, 714, etc.), lighter in color ; seemingly unburnished throughout ; numerous edge tears and creases ; mends stitched in white thread in p.9/10, 123/124, 125/126, 289/290, 719/720. Decoration: Rectangular headpieces, chiefly in yellow and red geometric designs mark each quarter of the Qurʼān including close of Sūrat al-Fātiḥah / opening of Sūrat al-Baqarah (p.2), full double-page rectangular decoration featuring annular designs interspersed with strapwork at close of Sūrat al-Anʻām (6) / opening of Sūrat al-Aʻrāf (7) (p.238-239), square headpiece of geometric designs at opening of Sūrat Maryam (19) (p.[485]), and full page rectangular headpiece in red, yellow, and black geometric interlace design at opening of Sūrat Dāwūd (i.e. Sūrat Ṣād / 38) (p.734) ; sūrah headings and vocalization rubricated ; textual dividers include three rings (arranged in triangular form, as trefoil) outlined in red with waxy yellow infill marking ends of verses, large roundel / ring in faded black with red and yellow accents marking every tenth verse (see p.4, etc), and smaller ring (evoking letter hamzah) in red marking end of every fifth verse (see p.2, 3, etc.) ; marginal decorations include large polychrome roundels (often five-part) marking each ḥizb (see p.20, 37, 52, etc.), occasionally double to mark sevenths (subʻ / سبع cf. Safwat, "Golden Pages" p.284 / 286), double roundels marking sujūd / sajdat al-tilāwah (p. 283, 404, 438, etc.), and decorations of mainly three rings in triangular form (outlined in red, occasionally infilled with yellow) and elongated frames featuring letters thāʼ, bāʼ, and nūn in black ink that appear to mark thumn, rubʻ, thulth, and niṣf (see p.5, 8, 9, 12, etc.). Compare Brockett's observations for Leeds Arabic ms. 301 in "Aspects of the Physical Transmission of the Qurʼan in 19th-century Sudan," p.46-47. Script: Sūdānī script, central Sudanic family (cf. Nobili "Arabic scripts in West African manuscripts," p.117, 121-124) and more specifically the script of Borno referred to as "Borno court hand" (Bivar) and Barnāwī (Brigaglia and Nobili) ; chiefly serifless with occasional very slight inclination of ascenders to the left ; adhering uniformly to the horizontal baseline in the manner of Early ʻAbbāsid / Kufic script with the effect of letterforms emerging out of a horizontal line ; joined alif with typically distinct tail / spur ; pointing in distinct, heavy dots with fāʼ and qāf pointed in Maghribi fashion (one point under fāʼ, one point above qāf) and final fā, qāf, and nūn characteristically unpointed ; spaciously open counters with medial hāʼ of two curved strokes rising from baseline ; ṣād, ḍād, etc. somewhat elongated in the horizontal, flattened, and without denticle ; kāf mabsūṭah preferred, horizontally elongated ; tail of final mīm quite abbreviated, tapered slightly and fairly vertical ; denticles on the whole are quite tall, often rising to the height of ascenders such as alif, lām, etc., especially in initial bāʼ of basmalah ; descenders diagonal from the baseline, elongated and flattened though terminating in a slight curve upward that occasionally hooks back (i.e. on final nūn, yāʼ, etc) ; final yāʼ / alif maqṣūrah occasionally mardūdah / reversed to the right ; bowl of final nūn quite flattened and angled, as with foot of final lām ; line thickness varies ; fully vocalized ; colored dots represent orthographic variants of hamzah (see e.g. p.488) ; replacement leaves (p.1/2 and p.939/940) in different ink / hand. Layout: Written in 14-16 lines per page (single column). Collation: 504 unbound single folios followed by a single flyleaf ; catchwords present ; pagination in pencil, Western numerals, supplied during cataloguing ; mistakenly skips from 887 to 880, thereafter off by 8 pages. Explicit: "سورة الناس مدنية وهي ست ايات بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم قل اعوذ برب الناس ملك الناس اله الناس من شر الوسواس الخناس الذي يوسوس صدور الناس من الجنة والناس الخضر الياس" Incipit: "سورة فاتحة الكتاب مكية وهي سبع ايات بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم الحمد لله رب العالمين الرحمن الرحيم ملك يوم الدين اياك نعبد واياك نستعين اهدنا الصراط المستقيم صراط الذين انعمت عليهم غير المغضوب عليهم ولا الضالين" Title supplied by cataloguer. Ms. codex. Occasional marginal corrections of omission (see e.g. p.231, etc.) ; otherwise fairly clean copy.