نویسنده
Unknown
تاریخ انتشار
1354
محل انتشار
Granada (made) -
موضوع
Architecture Islam
نوع
دیگر
زبان
نامشخص
دیجیتال
بله
نسخه خطی
خیر
ابعاد فیزیکی
Width: 28.50cm, Height: 32.70cm, Depth: 3.8cm
کتابخانه
Victoria and Albert Museum
شناسه دارایی کتابخانه
1-1883
شماره ثبت
1-1883
محل کتابخانه
Middle East Section
تاریخ
1354
یادداشتها
Sculpture; wall tile Islamic Spain style (Granada); Stucco Spanish
متن نمونه
"From an old house in the Albaicin, Granada"NoteText written on the frame, 'al-mulk li-llah'Translation'Sovereignty belongs to God', 'barakah'Translation'blessing'
Tarihsel bağlam
This object was part of the V&A circulation collection. By the label and the stamps at the back of the display box we can see that this plaster fragment travelled at least to the Camberwell College of Arts in 1913 and to Winchester School of Art in 1931. This object would have been used as an example of decoration from Islamic Spain for them to study.
Malzemeler ve teknikler
Gypsum plaster, moulded, cast Gypsum Plaster Moulded Cast
Fiziksel açıklama
This object is a fragment of a gypsum plaster panel of regular and rectangular shape although one corner is missing. The panel has regular dimensions and corresponds to a whole moulded panel that would have composed together with similar panels the decoration of a wall. The panel could have been part of the design of a frieze or the covering of a wall and can be offered horizontally on their longer side to similar copies and the designs would match, it is not the case when the panel is offered in vertical. The design is very similar but they do not match completely. Its interesting to see that on the top edge there is a line of strap work with borders and puts end to the design, lines that we do not find at the bottom. The other possibility is that the panel would have been combined with interlocking designs in order to create a sebka effect on a wall. The decoration of the panel is a combination of strap work, shells, vegetal decoration like pine cones and palm leaves, and epigraphic inscriptions. The vegetal decoration appears at a deeper level under the epigraphic inscriptions. The inscriptions appear in both cursive and Kufic forms; the latter extends and deforms itself becoming the frame of the strap work. The epigraphic inscriptions of kufic style appear on top of the shell at the bottom of the panel with the invocation of a blessing or âbarakahâ with its second letters forming a small arch that contains the first two letters. Further to the top we find the Kufic inscription Al-Mulk Li-Llah (The sovereignty belongs to Allah), and architectural inscription with the first word in Kufic forming an arch which contains the word Allah in cursive lettering encapsulated within a small cartouche. The word Allah appears partially on both sides on the lower edges where the panel would have met another symmetrical panel, joining both edges would form the word Allah. Technical Description The gypsum plaster is of good quality, very white fine and white. Under the microscope the gypsum shows very sparse and small impurities, mainly of clay and quartz; these impurities mean that the gypsum mortar is of traditional make and of the type of mortar found on Nasrid times. The original mortar at the back of the panel has been covered with some sort of fine modern Plaster of Paris but still shows the irregularity and damaged back, probably caused after this panel was removed from its original location. On one of the edges we find what looks like back gypsum but its hardness might mean that it is actually cement. In contact with the cement there are remains of the oxidised heads of square headed nails, probably part of a later system of attaching the panel to a wall with the help of cement and nails as a fixing to the wall. This system is similar to the original used by the nasrids, but in this case by the nature of the materials we have found, might probably be a later intervention. The panel although from the Alhambra originally might have been installed in another building at a later date, which might explain by it is considered to come from a house in the Albaicin quarter of Granada. Paint layers. The panel seems that has been painted in the past repeatedly , in areas were the thick remains of paint remain up to 6 different white layers can be seen. Probably these layers are either of gypsum or lime. Some of the layers are over dirt layers which indicates that the layers where applied as a system of whitening the panel. No traces of paint have been found even under observation with microscope. Some of the layers appear to have a certain brownish colour on top which rather than polychrome might be just of sedimentary origin. All these overlapping layers show, where remaining, are found obscuring the fine relief by clogging up the recesses, showing again that they are late and not original applications. Due to the level of weathering of the original plaster almost no traces of the original surface remain; it was necessary to carry out a careful visual scan under microscope of the surface to find any original traces. It was found in just two points a very define and uniform bright orange layer which appears lying under all layers of over paint, this layer will coincide with the releasing agent used originally to removed this panel from its mould when it was cast originally in nasrid times.
Üslup
Nasrid
