Saloniki - Files of the Jewish Communities and Organisations

İsim	Saloniki - Files of the Jewish Communities and Organisations
Basım Tarihi:	1882
Konu	History
Tür	Belge
Dil	deu,eng,epo,fra,heb,ita,pol,srp,tur,und
Dijital	Hayır
Yazma	Hayır
Kütüphane:	Minnesota Üniversitesi Kütüphaneleri
Kayıt Numarası	cdi_globaltitleindex_catalog_135679516
Lokasyon	Request
Tarih	1882
Notlar	Before World War II, Salonika (Thessaloniki) had the largest Jewish community in Greece. In 1873, the "Alliance Israelite Universelle" established a school in the city. Other Jewish schools teaching European modern education were also established during the late 19th century. The Jews dominated commercial life in the city, and were active in all professions. The Jewish Community founded various charity institutions and created a flourishing welfare system (Allatini and Mair Aboave orphanages, the Baroness de Hirsch Hospital, Mental Asylum, Saoul Modiano Old People's Home, Bikour Holim Health Organization, etc.). The community had more than 30 synagogues, a traditional "Talmoud Torah Agadol" School, and many religious schools. In 1908, after the revolution of "Young Turks", many Jews joined their forces, but many others emigrated to the United States following mobilization of non-Muslims into the Turkish army. The socialist organization "Federation" and Zionist groups (Bene Sion, Kadimah, Misrahi, etc.) were established in Salonika. After the Greek government took control of the city in 1912, it implemented a policy of Hellenization, which adversely affected the Jewish community. Many Jews emigrated to Paris and some made aliyah to Eretz Israel. In 1941, after the Nazi invasion, the Germans arrested the Jewish leadership, and in 1943 the Germans deported and exterminated most of Salonika’s Jewish population. The collection includes materials from the 1880s - but mostly from 1917 until 1941: records on the legal situation of Salonika’s Jews and on the Jews’ relations with the authorities; documents connected with the administration of Jewish communal life and community correspondence; materials related to Jewish religious institutions and life; papers on education; vital data connected with Jewish residents of the city; materials on cultural Jewish life and welfare; records regarding economic activities of Jews, taxation and the financial situation of the community; papers on real estate, housing and construction. The collection contains materials on Zionist and other Jewish organizations, documents related to private Jewish families, and records from 1941 connected with the Nazi regime -- בעידן שלפני מלחמת העולם השנייה קהילת יהודי סלוניקי הייתה הקהילה הגדולה ביותר ביוון. ב-1873 הקים ארגון "אליאנס" (כל ישראל חברים) בית ספר בסלוניקי, ובתי ספר יהודיים נוספים המקנים לתלמידיהם חינוך מודרני אירופאי הוקמו בעיר בסוף המאה ה-19. היהודים היו גורם דומיננטי בחיי המסחר בסלוניקי, ועסקו בכל המקצועות האפשריים. הקהילה היהודית ייסדה מוסדות צדקה שונים ויצרה מערכת רווחה משגשגת (בתי יתומים, בית החולים ע"ש הברונית הירש, בית חולים לחולי נפש, בית אבות שאול מודיאנו, ארגון "ביקור חולים" ועוד). בסלוניקי היו יותר משלושים בתי כנסת, בית ספר "תלמוד תורה הגדול," ובתי ספר קהילתיים רבים אחרים. ב-1908, לאחר מהפכת "הטורקים הצעירים", יהודים רבים הצטרפו לכוחותיהם, אולם רבים אחרים היגרו לארצות הברית בעקבות גיוס אוכלוסייה לא-מוסלמית לצבא הטורקי. בסלוניקי הוקם הארגון הסוציאליסטי "הפדרציה" וקמו קבוצות ציוניות ("בני ציון", "קדימה", "מזרחי" ועוד). לאחר השתלטות היוונים על העיר ב-1912 החלה הממשלה היוונית ליישם מדיניות של "הלניזציה", שפגעה בחיי הקהילה היהודית. יהודים היגרו לפריס וחלקם עלו לא"י. ב-1941, לאחר פלישת הנאצים, הגרמנים עצרו את ההנהגה היהודית, וב-1943 גירשו והשמידו את מרבית יהודי סלוניקי. האוסף כולל מסמכים משנות ה-80 של המאה ה-19, בעיקר החל משנת 1917 ועד 1941: חומרים על מצבם המשפטי של יהודי סלוניקי ועל יחסי היהודים עם השלטונות; מסמכים הקשורים לניהול חיי הקהילה היהודית והתכתבות של מוסדות הקהילה; חומרים על מוסדות הדת וחיים יהודיים דתיים; מסמכים על אודות החינוך; נתונים אישיים הקשורים בתושבי העיר היהודים; חומרים על חיי התרבות היהודית, מערכת הצדקה והרווחה; מסמכים בדבר פעילותם הכלכלית של היהודים, המיסוי והמצב הכלכלי של הקהילה; חומרים בנושא נדל"ן ובניה. האוסף מכיל גם חומרים על ארגונים ציוניים ואחרים, מסמכים הקשורים בתולדות משפחות יהודיות אחדות, וניירות משנת 1941 הקשורים למשטר הנאצי בסלוניקי -- The collection includes materials which shed light on the life of Salonika’s Jews from the 1880s-1941. Documents on the official and legal situation of the Jews contain drafts and printed laws relating to the Jews from the period of 1918-1920, and numerous records referring to relations with the authorities in 1917-1941. For example, there are: records on assistance to victims of the 1917 fire; correspondence of the community and the Chief Rabbi with the regional authorities in Nomarchia Thessalonikis; correspondence regarding welfare; correspondence with Greek government departments regarding the Bedel tax and military conscription in 1930-1933; and correspondence concerning arrangements for Passover in 1940. Materials on the administration of the community’s life include a list of Jewish communities in Greece and a list of the community departments, reports and correspondence belonging to the community regarding water supply, Jewish quarters, etc. There are also minutes of the community council meetings from different years, statutes of the community, papers about the community elections and records on personnel of the community’s administration (circulars addressed to community employees, correspondence concerning the hiring of community personnel and a search for a chief rabbi, etc.) The correspondence of the community includes incoming letters and copies of outgoing letters. There is correspondence with other Jewish communities and Jewish public activists in Greece and Europe, correspondence with Greek organizations, government departments, political groups, and neighborhood committees. There are also Incoming letters to the community council from Jewish institutions, societies and individuals represented in Salonica (Palestine Office, Mair Aboav Orphanage, Bikour Holim, Allatini Orphanage, Hirsch Hospital, Commission of K. K. Talmud Tora Agadol, Jewish National Fund in Greece, Zionist Federation of Greece, Societe Sioniste Theodore Herzl, Alliance Israelite Universelle, American JOINT and more). The archive holds papers on financial situation and budget of the Salonica Jewish community, records on taxes and mandatory payments, and materials concerning economic activity. For example, there are community exchanges with Nissim M. Ghilidi, a commodities merchant, regarding monetary matters in 1928-1930, and correspondence with Gabriel Zafarana (JDC Berlin) on setting up a small loans fund in 1932. There is also commercial correspondence with Raphael Cohen from 1927-1935, business correspondence with Bernard Landau and other Jewish entrepreneurs. For example, there are materials belonging to the “Tevah & Juda” firm including correspondence on trade in citrus fruits from Eretz Israel (1919-1931). The collection includes the records of Bank Amar and Bank Union, records of the Salonika-Palestine Society, materials on real estate, housing and construction. An important part of the collection are materials on religious life: rabbinical certificates; communications to the Chief Rabbi from the French, Italian and British occupation armies in 1917-1920 and correspondence with the Greek authorities in 1919-1926; handwritten memoirs of Chief Rabbi Ben-Zion Meïr Hai Uziel; drafts of letters on rabbinic topics; parts of Beit Din proceedings; Minutes of the “Vaad Ruhani;” printed sermons of Chief Rabbis of Salonika, documents relating to the organization of synagogues; correspondence regarding kosher meat and matza supply; burial matters; etc. Vital data on residents of the Jewish community include registers of certificates issued to community members in matters of personal status, records of birth, marriage and death. The collection contains very rich materials on issues of Jewish education and culture: copies of correspondence with the authorities regarding Jewish education; lists of needy students attending Jewish community schools; correspondence of the Commission of Instruction with teachers, community functionaries and different institutions; materials of the “Cercle de Salonique” (records of meetings, membership lists, reports of cultural activities, election results, etc.); records concerning the newspaper “Le Progres” including the correspondence of Sam Modiano (editor of the newspaper). Records on the welfare and health system in the community include: letters to the community from individuals requesting financial assistance; papers on emigration issues; papers of the “Commission de la Assistancia” (Assistance Commission); correspondence with Jewish philanthropic organizations; papers of the Mair Aboav Orphanage and Allatini Orphange; community correspondence with the municipality on health matters and papers of the “Bikour Holim” society. Documentation on Jewish organizations contain: records on the “Union de las communidades Djoudias de Grecia” including minutes of preliminary meetings for the creation of the “Union” in 1927; records of “Keren Kayemeth Leisrael”; papers of “Artsenou” Zionist organization from 1932-1937; community correspondence with Zionist organizations regarding Zionist activities and emigration to Eretz Israel. Materials of private Jewish families include documents relating to property holdings, business correspondence and financial documents. Materials from 1941 contain: correspondence regarding confiscation of files by the Nazis; a list of German and stateless Jews in Salonika wishing to emigrate; letters to the German police in Salonika and lists of local Jews, Freemasons or communists.

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Saloniki - Files of the Jewish Communities and Organisations

Basım Tarihi 1882

Konu History

Tür Belge

Dil deu,eng,epo,fra,heb,ita,pol,srp,tur,und

Dijital Hayır

Yazma Hayır

Kütüphane Minnesota Üniversitesi Kütüphaneleri

Kayıt Numarası cdi_globaltitleindex_catalog_135679516

Lokasyon Request

Tarih 1882

Notlar Before World War II, Salonika (Thessaloniki) had the largest Jewish community in Greece. In 1873, the "Alliance Israelite Universelle" established a school in the city. Other Jewish schools teaching European modern education were also established during the late 19th century. The Jews dominated commercial life in the city, and were active in all professions. The Jewish Community founded various charity institutions and created a flourishing welfare system (Allatini and Mair Aboave orphanages, the Baroness de Hirsch Hospital, Mental Asylum, Saoul Modiano Old People's Home, Bikour Holim Health Organization, etc.). The community had more than 30 synagogues, a traditional "Talmoud Torah Agadol" School, and many religious schools. In 1908, after the revolution of "Young Turks", many Jews joined their forces, but many others emigrated to the United States following mobilization of non-Muslims into the Turkish army. The socialist organization "Federation" and Zionist groups (Bene Sion, Kadimah, Misrahi, etc.) were established in Salonika. After the Greek government took control of the city in 1912, it implemented a policy of Hellenization, which adversely affected the Jewish community. Many Jews emigrated to Paris and some made aliyah to Eretz Israel. In 1941, after the Nazi invasion, the Germans arrested the Jewish leadership, and in 1943 the Germans deported and exterminated most of Salonika’s Jewish population. The collection includes materials from the 1880s - but mostly from 1917 until 1941: records on the legal situation of Salonika’s Jews and on the Jews’ relations with the authorities; documents connected with the administration of Jewish communal life and community correspondence; materials related to Jewish religious institutions and life; papers on education; vital data connected with Jewish residents of the city; materials on cultural Jewish life and welfare; records regarding economic activities of Jews, taxation and the financial situation of the community; papers on real estate, housing and construction. The collection contains materials on Zionist and other Jewish organizations, documents related to private Jewish families, and records from 1941 connected with the Nazi regime -- בעידן שלפני מלחמת העולם השנייה קהילת יהודי סלוניקי הייתה הקהילה הגדולה ביותר ביוון. ב-1873 הקים ארגון "אליאנס" (כל ישראל חברים) בית ספר בסלוניקי, ובתי ספר יהודיים נוספים המקנים לתלמידיהם חינוך מודרני אירופאי הוקמו בעיר בסוף המאה ה-19. היהודים היו גורם דומיננטי בחיי המסחר בסלוניקי, ועסקו בכל המקצועות האפשריים. הקהילה היהודית ייסדה מוסדות צדקה שונים ויצרה מערכת רווחה משגשגת (בתי יתומים, בית החולים ע"ש הברונית הירש, בית חולים לחולי נפש, בית אבות שאול מודיאנו, ארגון "ביקור חולים" ועוד). בסלוניקי היו יותר משלושים בתי כנסת, בית ספר "תלמוד תורה הגדול," ובתי ספר קהילתיים רבים אחרים. ב-1908, לאחר מהפכת "הטורקים הצעירים", יהודים רבים הצטרפו לכוחותיהם, אולם רבים אחרים היגרו לארצות הברית בעקבות גיוס אוכלוסייה לא-מוסלמית לצבא הטורקי. בסלוניקי הוקם הארגון הסוציאליסטי "הפדרציה" וקמו קבוצות ציוניות ("בני ציון", "קדימה", "מזרחי" ועוד). לאחר השתלטות היוונים על העיר ב-1912 החלה הממשלה היוונית ליישם מדיניות של "הלניזציה", שפגעה בחיי הקהילה היהודית. יהודים היגרו לפריס וחלקם עלו לא"י. ב-1941, לאחר פלישת הנאצים, הגרמנים עצרו את ההנהגה היהודית, וב-1943 גירשו והשמידו את מרבית יהודי סלוניקי. האוסף כולל מסמכים משנות ה-80 של המאה ה-19, בעיקר החל משנת 1917 ועד 1941: חומרים על מצבם המשפטי של יהודי סלוניקי ועל יחסי היהודים עם השלטונות; מסמכים הקשורים לניהול חיי הקהילה היהודית והתכתבות של מוסדות הקהילה; חומרים על מוסדות הדת וחיים יהודיים דתיים; מסמכים על אודות החינוך; נתונים אישיים הקשורים בתושבי העיר היהודים; חומרים על חיי התרבות היהודית, מערכת הצדקה והרווחה; מסמכים בדבר פעילותם הכלכלית של היהודים, המיסוי והמצב הכלכלי של הקהילה; חומרים בנושא נדל"ן ובניה. האוסף מכיל גם חומרים על ארגונים ציוניים ואחרים, מסמכים הקשורים בתולדות משפחות יהודיות אחדות, וניירות משנת 1941 הקשורים למשטר הנאצי בסלוניקי -- The collection includes materials which shed light on the life of Salonika’s Jews from the 1880s-1941. Documents on the official and legal situation of the Jews contain drafts and printed laws relating to the Jews from the period of 1918-1920, and numerous records referring to relations with the authorities in 1917-1941. For example, there are: records on assistance to victims of the 1917 fire; correspondence of the community and the Chief Rabbi with the regional authorities in Nomarchia Thessalonikis; correspondence regarding welfare; correspondence with Greek government departments regarding the Bedel tax and military conscription in 1930-1933; and correspondence concerning arrangements for Passover in 1940. Materials on the administration of the community’s life include a list of Jewish communities in Greece and a list of the community departments, reports and correspondence belonging to the community regarding water supply, Jewish quarters, etc. There are also minutes of the community council meetings from different years, statutes of the community, papers about the community elections and records on personnel of the community’s administration (circulars addressed to community employees, correspondence concerning the hiring of community personnel and a search for a chief rabbi, etc.) The correspondence of the community includes incoming letters and copies of outgoing letters. There is correspondence with other Jewish communities and Jewish public activists in Greece and Europe, correspondence with Greek organizations, government departments, political groups, and neighborhood committees. There are also Incoming letters to the community council from Jewish institutions, societies and individuals represented in Salonica (Palestine Office, Mair Aboav Orphanage, Bikour Holim, Allatini Orphanage, Hirsch Hospital, Commission of K. K. Talmud Tora Agadol, Jewish National Fund in Greece, Zionist Federation of Greece, Societe Sioniste Theodore Herzl, Alliance Israelite Universelle, American JOINT and more). The archive holds papers on financial situation and budget of the Salonica Jewish community, records on taxes and mandatory payments, and materials concerning economic activity. For example, there are community exchanges with Nissim M. Ghilidi, a commodities merchant, regarding monetary matters in 1928-1930, and correspondence with Gabriel Zafarana (JDC Berlin) on setting up a small loans fund in 1932. There is also commercial correspondence with Raphael Cohen from 1927-1935, business correspondence with Bernard Landau and other Jewish entrepreneurs. For example, there are materials belonging to the “Tevah & Juda” firm including correspondence on trade in citrus fruits from Eretz Israel (1919-1931). The collection includes the records of Bank Amar and Bank Union, records of the Salonika-Palestine Society, materials on real estate, housing and construction. An important part of the collection are materials on religious life: rabbinical certificates; communications to the Chief Rabbi from the French, Italian and British occupation armies in 1917-1920 and correspondence with the Greek authorities in 1919-1926; handwritten memoirs of Chief Rabbi Ben-Zion Meïr Hai Uziel; drafts of letters on rabbinic topics; parts of Beit Din proceedings; Minutes of the “Vaad Ruhani;” printed sermons of Chief Rabbis of Salonika, documents relating to the organization of synagogues; correspondence regarding kosher meat and matza supply; burial matters; etc. Vital data on residents of the Jewish community include registers of certificates issued to community members in matters of personal status, records of birth, marriage and death. The collection contains very rich materials on issues of Jewish education and culture: copies of correspondence with the authorities regarding Jewish education; lists of needy students attending Jewish community schools; correspondence of the Commission of Instruction with teachers, community functionaries and different institutions; materials of the “Cercle de Salonique” (records of meetings, membership lists, reports of cultural activities, election results, etc.); records concerning the newspaper “Le Progres” including the correspondence of Sam Modiano (editor of the newspaper). Records on the welfare and health system in the community include: letters to the community from individuals requesting financial assistance; papers on emigration issues; papers of the “Commission de la Assistancia” (Assistance Commission); correspondence with Jewish philanthropic organizations; papers of the Mair Aboav Orphanage and Allatini Orphange; community correspondence with the municipality on health matters and papers of the “Bikour Holim” society. Documentation on Jewish organizations contain: records on the “Union de las communidades Djoudias de Grecia” including minutes of preliminary meetings for the creation of the “Union” in 1927; records of “Keren Kayemeth Leisrael”; papers of “Artsenou” Zionist organization from 1932-1937; community correspondence with Zionist organizations regarding Zionist activities and emigration to Eretz Israel. Materials of private Jewish families include documents relating to property holdings, business correspondence and financial documents. Materials from 1941 contain: correspondence regarding confiscation of files by the Nazis; a list of German and stateless Jews in Salonika wishing to emigrate; letters to the German police in Salonika and lists of local Jews, Freemasons or communists.