Shahnama | Kütüphane.osmanlica.com

Shahnama

İsim Shahnama
Yazar Firdausi
Tür Belge
Dil Farsça
Dijital Evet
Yazma Evet
Sayfa Sayısı 43
Fiziksel Boyutlar 580 ff. Codex. Complete.
Kütüphane: Cambridge Dijital Kütüphanesi
Kayıt Numarası MS-BODLEIAN-OUSELEY-00344
Lokasyon Bodleian Library — Bodleian Library Ouseley 344
Tarih Gregorian: 1601/---/---/--. Hijri: 1010/---/--.-1601-1601
Notlar The ms. is worm eaten and has been repaired. Some water staining. A large and heavy, impressive volume.Prose introduction, ff. 2v-13r. Poem starts on 13v, with illuminated sarlauh. One striking feature is the enormous proliferation of rubrics throughout the text. These are written in white nasta'liq, on a pale matt gold ground, with a delicate and pretty floral tendril motif with blue, red, yellow, and purple flowers. There are often two and sometimes three or four headings per page.
Bibliyografya Norgren, J. & Davis, E., Preliminary index of Shah-nameh illustrations, Ann Arbor, 1969.
Süsleme The daughter of Kaurang falls in love with JamshidScene Title:Scene from another epicFolio number: 022rNotes: The daughter of Kaurang falls in love with Jamshid.Location in text:Mohl -2, Other epics, first line: None, break line before: None, break line after: None, last line: None.Faridun binds ZahhakFolio number: 040rNotes: This is perhaps closer to the next scene, where Faridun celebrates his victory.Location in text:Mohl 5, Zahhak (1000 years), first line: None, break line before: 488, break line after: 489.0, last line: None.Infant Zal mounted on an elephantScene Title:Prince Zal is presented to ManuchihrFolio number: 058rLocation in text:Mohl 7, Manuchihr (120 years), first line: 210, break line before: 226, break line after: 227.0, last line: 228.The birth of RustamFolio number: 073rLocation in text:Mohl 7, Manuchihr (120 years), first line: None, break line before: 1696, break line after: 1697.0, last line: 1698.Rustam's seventh labour: he kills the White DivFolio number: 094vNotes: Reproduced in Susan Scollay, Love and devotion, p. 27, fig. 2.4.Location in text:Mohl 12, Kay Kavus (150 years), first line: 611, break line before: 620, break line after: 623.0, last line: None.Suhrab chooses his horseTitle (Persian): 173Folio number: 108rLocation in text:Mohl 12c, Suhrab, first line: None, break line before: 183, break line after: 184.0, last line: 186.The fire ordeal of SiyavushFolio number: 125rLocation in text:Mohl 12d, Siyavush, first line: 529, break line before: 532, break line after: 533.0, last line: 538.Siyavush hunts onager with AfrasiyabFolio number: 135vLocation in text:Mohl 12d, Siyavush, first line: 1486, break line before: 1493, break line after: 1494.0, last line: None.Faramarz kills VarazadTitle (Persian): 118Folio number: 152vLocation in text:Mohl 12e, Kay Khusrau comes to Iran, first line: 118, break line before: 121, break line after: 122.0, last line: 127.Bizhan wounds Farud's horseTitle (Persian): 822Scene Title:Bizhan fights Farud on footFolio number: 176vNotes: Note that the painting is inaccurate in depicting Bizhan on horseback: his horse had already been shot by Farud. This painting is clearly based on a painting and ms. in Khuda Bakhsh Library, 1794 HL 1816 (f. 185v), dated 1578; there, however, the pursuer seems to be merely pulling the horse's tail.Location in text:Mohl 13, Kay Khusrau (60 years), first line: 822, break line before: 831, break line after: 832.0, last line: 835.Rustam kills Ashkabus and his horseFolio number: 201rLocation in text:Mohl 13b, Kamus-i Kashani, first line: None, break line before: 1418, break line after: 1419.0, last line: 1424.Rustam pulls the Khaqan of Chin from his elephant by lassoFolio number: 211vLocation in text:Mohl 13c, Rustam and the Khaqan-i Chin, first line: None, break line before: 722, break line after: 723.0, last line: 737.Rustam slays the demon Akvan's son BarkhiyasScene Title:Rustam fights Barkhiyas Div (interpolation)Folio number: 238vLocation in text:Mohl 13e, Bizhan and Manizha, first line: None, break line before: None, break line after: None, last line: None.Bizhan wrestles with HumanScene Title:Bizhan and Human wrestle for the first timeFolio number: 251rLocation in text:Mohl 13f, The Twelve Rukhs, first line: 790, break line before: 797, break line after: 798.0, last line: 804.Kay Khusrau cuts Shida's throatTitle (Persian): 685Scene Title:Kay Khusrau kills ShidaFolio number: 279vLocation in text:Mohl 13g, The Great War between Kay Khusrau and Afrasiyab, first line: 679, break line before: 694, break line after: 695.0, last line: 696.Kay Khusrau encounters Ustuqila, Ila and BurzilaTitle (Persian): 826Scene Title:Kay Khusrau encounters Astaqila, Aila and Burzi-ailaFolio number: 281vLocation in text:Mohl 13g, The Great War between Kay Khusrau and Afrasiyab, first line: 818, break line before: 831, break line after: 832.0, last line: 833.Kay Khusrau defeats and kills the King of MakranTitle (Persian): 1959Folio number: 295vNotes: After line 1962 in Mohl, two lines before the breakline, the text is consistent with the standard edition, but thereafter none of the lines on the page can be identified in Mohl.Location in text:Mohl 13g, The Great War between Kay Khusrau and Afrasiyab, first line: 1947, break line before: None, break line after: None, last line: None.Luhrasp enthroned (right side of double composition)Scene Title:The coronation of LuhraspFolio number: 311vLocation in text:Mohl 14, Luhrasp (120 years), first line: None, break line before: 2, break line after: 3.0, last line: 6.Luhrasp enthroned (left side of double painting)Scene Title:The coronation of LuhraspFolio number: 312rLocation in text:Mohl 14, Luhrasp (120 years), first line: 7, break line before: 10, break line after: 11.0, last line: 12.Luhrasp receives Zarir and GushtaspScene Title:Luhrasp receives Zarir and Gushtasp on their return from RumFolio number: 320vLocation in text:Mohl 14, Luhrasp (120 years), first line: 854, break line before: 863, break line after: 864.0, last line: 865.The horsemen of Arjasp kill LuhraspScene Title:The death of Luhrasp in battle against the forces of ArjaspFolio number: 332rNotes: The painting is close to text.Location in text:Mohl 15, Gushtasp (120 years), first line: 1105, break line before: 1110, break line after: 1111.0, last line: 1116.Rustam kicks aside the rock pushed by BahmanFolio number: 346vLocation in text:Mohl 15, Gushtasp (120 years), first line: None, break line before: 2731, break line after: 2732.0, last line: 2740.The Simurgh picks arrows out of the wounded RustamScene Title:Rustam and Rakhsh wounded by the arrows of IsfandiyarFolio number: 356rLocation in text:Mohl 15, Gushtasp (120 years), first line: 3660, break line before: 3665, break line after: 3666.0, last line: 3669.Rustam kills Shaghad before dyingTitle (Persian): 4269Folio number: 364vLocation in text:Mohl 15, Gushtasp (120 years), first line: 4263, break line before: 4272, break line after: 4273.0, last line: None.Iskandar attends the dying DaraTitle (Persian): 332Folio number: 376rNotes: Reproduced in Susan Scollay, Love and devotion, p. 26, fig. 2.3.Location in text:Mohl 19, Dara son of Darab (14 years), first line: 311, break line before: 333, break line after: 334.0, last line: 335.Iskandar attacks the castle of Faryan on his way towards AndalusTitle (Persian): 748Folio number: 385vNotes: The subject of this scene needs to be confirmed. The iconography does not match the text at this point. Location in text:Mohl 20, Iskandar (14 years), first line: 746, break line before: 754, break line after: 755.0, last line: 763.Iskandar encounters IsrafilTitle (Persian): 1408Folio number: 392vLocation in text:Mohl 20, Iskandar (14 years), first line: 1408, break line before: 1427, break line after: 1428.0, last line: 1429.The King of Rum before ShapurTitle (Persian): 382Scene Title:Shapur captures the King of RumFolio number: 417vLocation in text:Mohl 29, Shapur Zul-aktaf (72 years), first line: 382, break line before: 397, break line after: 398.0, last line: 399.Bahram Gur hunts in the company of AzadaFolio number: 423rLocation in text:Mohl 34, Yazdagird the Sinner (21 years), first line: 175, break line before: 188, break line after: 189.0, last line: 199.Bahram Gur captures the Khaqan of ChinaTitle (Persian): 1527Scene Title:Bahram Gur captures the Khaqan of ChinFolio number: 441vLocation in text:Mohl 35, Bahram Gur (1) (63 years), first line: None, break line before: 1545, break line after: 1544.0, last line: 1546.Piruz and his army fall into a pit and dieTitle (Persian): 114Folio number: 454rLocation in text:Mohl 38, Piruz son of Yazdagird (11 years, 4 months), first line: 114, break line before: 119, break line after: 120.0, last line: 127.Anushirvan sacks the fortress of Arayish-i RumFolio number: 466rLocation in text:Mohl 41, Kisra Anushirvan (48 years), first line: 573, break line before: 576, break line after: 577.0, last line: 580.Anushirvan selects horses to go to the hunting groundFolio number: 476vLocation in text:Mohl 41, Kisra Anushirvan (48 years), first line: 1688, break line before: 1690, break line after: 1691.0, last line: 1695.Gav and Talhand's forces fight for a second timeFolio number: 492rLocation in text:Mohl 41, Kisra Anushirvan (48 years), first line: 3292, break line before: 3303, break line after: 3304.0, last line: 3307.The Persians under Kharrad defeat the Khazars in ArmeniaFolio number: 507vLocation in text:Mohl 42, Hurmuzd (14 years), first line: 345, break line before: 347, break line after: 348.0, last line: 350.Bahram Chubina defeats and kills SavaScene Title:Bahram Chubina kills the fleeing Sava ShahFolio number: 513vLocation in text:Mohl 42, Hurmuzd (14 years), first line: 916, break line before: 917, break line after: 918.0, last line: 919.Khusrau Parviz and Bahram Chubina meetFolio number: 524vLocation in text:Mohl 43, Khusrau Parviz (38 years), first line: 148, break line before: 151, break line after: 154.0, last line: 157.Khusrau Parviz meets the monkTitle (Persian): 1113Folio number: 533vLocation in text:Mohl 43, Khusrau Parviz (38 years), first line: 1086, break line before: 1113, break line after: 1114.0, last line: 1117.Bahram Chubina kills Kut the RumanScene Title:Bahram Chubina kills Kut the RomanFolio number: 540vLocation in text:Mohl 43, Khusrau Parviz (38 years), first line: 1801, break line before: 1806, break line after: 1807.0, last line: 1812.Gurdiya kills TuvurgTitle (Persian): 2950Folio number: 551vLocation in text:Mohl 43, Khusrau Parviz (38 years), first line: None, break line before: 2959, break line after: 2960.0, last line: 2963.Purandukht enthronedTitle (Persian): 68Scene Title:Purandukht (Turandukht) enthronedFolio number: 569vLocation in text:Mohl 47, Purandukht (6 months), first line: 31, break line before: 2, break line after: 3.0, last line: 4.Sample pageFolio number: 300vColophonFolio number: 579r
Mizanpaj 4 columns. 26 rows. Leaf height: 400 mm, width: 255 mm. Written height: 248 mm, width: 147 mm.
Menşei Yeri Shiraz
Köken (Provenance) Ethe no. 496: Ouseley's name, f. 1r.
Yazı Tipi Nasta'liq.
Yüzyıl 1 1600s C.E.
Oluşturma Tarihi (Bağlantı Türü) keyword search
Oluşturma Türü creation
Yıl (Bitiş) 1601
Yıl (Başlangıç) 1601
Görüntü Hakları (Görüntüleme) Zooming image © The Bodleian Library, Oxford.
Görüntü Hakları (İndirme) Images made available for download are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Unported License (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Dil Kodu 1 per
Dil 1 Persian
Metadata Hakları This metadata is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Unported License.
Küçük Resim Yönü portrait
Filigran Beyanı © The Bodleian Library, Oxford (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Kaynağa git Cambridge Dijital Kütüphanesi Cambridge Digital Library
Cambridge Digital Library Cambridge Dijital Kütüphanesi
Kaynağa git

Shahnama

Yazar Firdausi
Tür Belge
Dil Farsça
Dijital Evet
Yazma Evet
Sayfa Sayısı 43
Fiziksel Boyutlar 580 ff. Codex. Complete.
Kütüphane Cambridge Dijital Kütüphanesi
Kayıt Numarası MS-BODLEIAN-OUSELEY-00344
Lokasyon Bodleian Library — Bodleian Library Ouseley 344
Tarih Gregorian: 1601/---/---/--. Hijri: 1010/---/--.-1601-1601
Notlar The ms. is worm eaten and has been repaired. Some water staining. A large and heavy, impressive volume.Prose introduction, ff. 2v-13r. Poem starts on 13v, with illuminated sarlauh. One striking feature is the enormous proliferation of rubrics throughout the text. These are written in white nasta'liq, on a pale matt gold ground, with a delicate and pretty floral tendril motif with blue, red, yellow, and purple flowers. There are often two and sometimes three or four headings per page.
Bibliyografya Norgren, J. & Davis, E., Preliminary index of Shah-nameh illustrations, Ann Arbor, 1969.
Süsleme The daughter of Kaurang falls in love with JamshidScene Title:Scene from another epicFolio number: 022rNotes: The daughter of Kaurang falls in love with Jamshid.Location in text:Mohl -2, Other epics, first line: None, break line before: None, break line after: None, last line: None.Faridun binds ZahhakFolio number: 040rNotes: This is perhaps closer to the next scene, where Faridun celebrates his victory.Location in text:Mohl 5, Zahhak (1000 years), first line: None, break line before: 488, break line after: 489.0, last line: None.Infant Zal mounted on an elephantScene Title:Prince Zal is presented to ManuchihrFolio number: 058rLocation in text:Mohl 7, Manuchihr (120 years), first line: 210, break line before: 226, break line after: 227.0, last line: 228.The birth of RustamFolio number: 073rLocation in text:Mohl 7, Manuchihr (120 years), first line: None, break line before: 1696, break line after: 1697.0, last line: 1698.Rustam's seventh labour: he kills the White DivFolio number: 094vNotes: Reproduced in Susan Scollay, Love and devotion, p. 27, fig. 2.4.Location in text:Mohl 12, Kay Kavus (150 years), first line: 611, break line before: 620, break line after: 623.0, last line: None.Suhrab chooses his horseTitle (Persian): 173Folio number: 108rLocation in text:Mohl 12c, Suhrab, first line: None, break line before: 183, break line after: 184.0, last line: 186.The fire ordeal of SiyavushFolio number: 125rLocation in text:Mohl 12d, Siyavush, first line: 529, break line before: 532, break line after: 533.0, last line: 538.Siyavush hunts onager with AfrasiyabFolio number: 135vLocation in text:Mohl 12d, Siyavush, first line: 1486, break line before: 1493, break line after: 1494.0, last line: None.Faramarz kills VarazadTitle (Persian): 118Folio number: 152vLocation in text:Mohl 12e, Kay Khusrau comes to Iran, first line: 118, break line before: 121, break line after: 122.0, last line: 127.Bizhan wounds Farud's horseTitle (Persian): 822Scene Title:Bizhan fights Farud on footFolio number: 176vNotes: Note that the painting is inaccurate in depicting Bizhan on horseback: his horse had already been shot by Farud. This painting is clearly based on a painting and ms. in Khuda Bakhsh Library, 1794 HL 1816 (f. 185v), dated 1578; there, however, the pursuer seems to be merely pulling the horse's tail.Location in text:Mohl 13, Kay Khusrau (60 years), first line: 822, break line before: 831, break line after: 832.0, last line: 835.Rustam kills Ashkabus and his horseFolio number: 201rLocation in text:Mohl 13b, Kamus-i Kashani, first line: None, break line before: 1418, break line after: 1419.0, last line: 1424.Rustam pulls the Khaqan of Chin from his elephant by lassoFolio number: 211vLocation in text:Mohl 13c, Rustam and the Khaqan-i Chin, first line: None, break line before: 722, break line after: 723.0, last line: 737.Rustam slays the demon Akvan's son BarkhiyasScene Title:Rustam fights Barkhiyas Div (interpolation)Folio number: 238vLocation in text:Mohl 13e, Bizhan and Manizha, first line: None, break line before: None, break line after: None, last line: None.Bizhan wrestles with HumanScene Title:Bizhan and Human wrestle for the first timeFolio number: 251rLocation in text:Mohl 13f, The Twelve Rukhs, first line: 790, break line before: 797, break line after: 798.0, last line: 804.Kay Khusrau cuts Shida's throatTitle (Persian): 685Scene Title:Kay Khusrau kills ShidaFolio number: 279vLocation in text:Mohl 13g, The Great War between Kay Khusrau and Afrasiyab, first line: 679, break line before: 694, break line after: 695.0, last line: 696.Kay Khusrau encounters Ustuqila, Ila and BurzilaTitle (Persian): 826Scene Title:Kay Khusrau encounters Astaqila, Aila and Burzi-ailaFolio number: 281vLocation in text:Mohl 13g, The Great War between Kay Khusrau and Afrasiyab, first line: 818, break line before: 831, break line after: 832.0, last line: 833.Kay Khusrau defeats and kills the King of MakranTitle (Persian): 1959Folio number: 295vNotes: After line 1962 in Mohl, two lines before the breakline, the text is consistent with the standard edition, but thereafter none of the lines on the page can be identified in Mohl.Location in text:Mohl 13g, The Great War between Kay Khusrau and Afrasiyab, first line: 1947, break line before: None, break line after: None, last line: None.Luhrasp enthroned (right side of double composition)Scene Title:The coronation of LuhraspFolio number: 311vLocation in text:Mohl 14, Luhrasp (120 years), first line: None, break line before: 2, break line after: 3.0, last line: 6.Luhrasp enthroned (left side of double painting)Scene Title:The coronation of LuhraspFolio number: 312rLocation in text:Mohl 14, Luhrasp (120 years), first line: 7, break line before: 10, break line after: 11.0, last line: 12.Luhrasp receives Zarir and GushtaspScene Title:Luhrasp receives Zarir and Gushtasp on their return from RumFolio number: 320vLocation in text:Mohl 14, Luhrasp (120 years), first line: 854, break line before: 863, break line after: 864.0, last line: 865.The horsemen of Arjasp kill LuhraspScene Title:The death of Luhrasp in battle against the forces of ArjaspFolio number: 332rNotes: The painting is close to text.Location in text:Mohl 15, Gushtasp (120 years), first line: 1105, break line before: 1110, break line after: 1111.0, last line: 1116.Rustam kicks aside the rock pushed by BahmanFolio number: 346vLocation in text:Mohl 15, Gushtasp (120 years), first line: None, break line before: 2731, break line after: 2732.0, last line: 2740.The Simurgh picks arrows out of the wounded RustamScene Title:Rustam and Rakhsh wounded by the arrows of IsfandiyarFolio number: 356rLocation in text:Mohl 15, Gushtasp (120 years), first line: 3660, break line before: 3665, break line after: 3666.0, last line: 3669.Rustam kills Shaghad before dyingTitle (Persian): 4269Folio number: 364vLocation in text:Mohl 15, Gushtasp (120 years), first line: 4263, break line before: 4272, break line after: 4273.0, last line: None.Iskandar attends the dying DaraTitle (Persian): 332Folio number: 376rNotes: Reproduced in Susan Scollay, Love and devotion, p. 26, fig. 2.3.Location in text:Mohl 19, Dara son of Darab (14 years), first line: 311, break line before: 333, break line after: 334.0, last line: 335.Iskandar attacks the castle of Faryan on his way towards AndalusTitle (Persian): 748Folio number: 385vNotes: The subject of this scene needs to be confirmed. The iconography does not match the text at this point. Location in text:Mohl 20, Iskandar (14 years), first line: 746, break line before: 754, break line after: 755.0, last line: 763.Iskandar encounters IsrafilTitle (Persian): 1408Folio number: 392vLocation in text:Mohl 20, Iskandar (14 years), first line: 1408, break line before: 1427, break line after: 1428.0, last line: 1429.The King of Rum before ShapurTitle (Persian): 382Scene Title:Shapur captures the King of RumFolio number: 417vLocation in text:Mohl 29, Shapur Zul-aktaf (72 years), first line: 382, break line before: 397, break line after: 398.0, last line: 399.Bahram Gur hunts in the company of AzadaFolio number: 423rLocation in text:Mohl 34, Yazdagird the Sinner (21 years), first line: 175, break line before: 188, break line after: 189.0, last line: 199.Bahram Gur captures the Khaqan of ChinaTitle (Persian): 1527Scene Title:Bahram Gur captures the Khaqan of ChinFolio number: 441vLocation in text:Mohl 35, Bahram Gur (1) (63 years), first line: None, break line before: 1545, break line after: 1544.0, last line: 1546.Piruz and his army fall into a pit and dieTitle (Persian): 114Folio number: 454rLocation in text:Mohl 38, Piruz son of Yazdagird (11 years, 4 months), first line: 114, break line before: 119, break line after: 120.0, last line: 127.Anushirvan sacks the fortress of Arayish-i RumFolio number: 466rLocation in text:Mohl 41, Kisra Anushirvan (48 years), first line: 573, break line before: 576, break line after: 577.0, last line: 580.Anushirvan selects horses to go to the hunting groundFolio number: 476vLocation in text:Mohl 41, Kisra Anushirvan (48 years), first line: 1688, break line before: 1690, break line after: 1691.0, last line: 1695.Gav and Talhand's forces fight for a second timeFolio number: 492rLocation in text:Mohl 41, Kisra Anushirvan (48 years), first line: 3292, break line before: 3303, break line after: 3304.0, last line: 3307.The Persians under Kharrad defeat the Khazars in ArmeniaFolio number: 507vLocation in text:Mohl 42, Hurmuzd (14 years), first line: 345, break line before: 347, break line after: 348.0, last line: 350.Bahram Chubina defeats and kills SavaScene Title:Bahram Chubina kills the fleeing Sava ShahFolio number: 513vLocation in text:Mohl 42, Hurmuzd (14 years), first line: 916, break line before: 917, break line after: 918.0, last line: 919.Khusrau Parviz and Bahram Chubina meetFolio number: 524vLocation in text:Mohl 43, Khusrau Parviz (38 years), first line: 148, break line before: 151, break line after: 154.0, last line: 157.Khusrau Parviz meets the monkTitle (Persian): 1113Folio number: 533vLocation in text:Mohl 43, Khusrau Parviz (38 years), first line: 1086, break line before: 1113, break line after: 1114.0, last line: 1117.Bahram Chubina kills Kut the RumanScene Title:Bahram Chubina kills Kut the RomanFolio number: 540vLocation in text:Mohl 43, Khusrau Parviz (38 years), first line: 1801, break line before: 1806, break line after: 1807.0, last line: 1812.Gurdiya kills TuvurgTitle (Persian): 2950Folio number: 551vLocation in text:Mohl 43, Khusrau Parviz (38 years), first line: None, break line before: 2959, break line after: 2960.0, last line: 2963.Purandukht enthronedTitle (Persian): 68Scene Title:Purandukht (Turandukht) enthronedFolio number: 569vLocation in text:Mohl 47, Purandukht (6 months), first line: 31, break line before: 2, break line after: 3.0, last line: 4.Sample pageFolio number: 300vColophonFolio number: 579r
Mizanpaj 4 columns. 26 rows. Leaf height: 400 mm, width: 255 mm. Written height: 248 mm, width: 147 mm.
Menşei Yeri Shiraz
Köken (Provenance) Ethe no. 496: Ouseley's name, f. 1r.
Yazı Tipi Nasta'liq.
Yüzyıl 1 1600s C.E.
Oluşturma Tarihi (Bağlantı Türü) keyword search
Oluşturma Türü creation
Yıl (Bitiş) 1601
Yıl (Başlangıç) 1601
Görüntü Hakları (Görüntüleme) Zooming image © The Bodleian Library, Oxford.
Görüntü Hakları (İndirme) Images made available for download are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Unported License (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Dil Kodu 1 per
Dil 1 Persian
Metadata Hakları This metadata is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Unported License.
Küçük Resim Yönü portrait
Filigran Beyanı © The Bodleian Library, Oxford (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Cambridge Digital Library
Cambridge Dijital Kütüphanesi yönlendiriliyorsunuz...

Lütfen bekleyiniz.