Shahnama

Name: Shahnama
Author: Firdausi

İsim	Shahnama
Yazar	Firdausi
Tür	Belge
Dil	Farsça
Dijital	Evet
Yazma	Evet
Sayfa Sayısı	14
Fiziksel Boyutlar	281 ff. Codex. Incomplete.
Kütüphane:	Cambridge Dijital Kütüphanesi
Kayıt Numarası	MS-OR-01356-00010
Lokasyon	University Library — University Library Or. 1356 (10)
Tarih	Gregorian: 1565/Hcm/Jul/--. Hijri: 0972/Dhh/--.-1565-1565
Notlar	What might once have been a relatively good 16th-century copy of the Shahnama, with some nice calligraphy particularly in the rubrics, in very poor condition after a damaging sojourn in India. It was presented by Major R.G. Gayer-Anderson and Col. T.G. Gayer-Anderson, C.M.C., D.S.O., on 19 January 1943. Purchased in India for 500 rupees in Jumada I, 1197/1783 (f. 281v).Limp burgundy leather binding, almost falling apart down the spine, decorated with a floral ornament and the text of Hafiz’s ghazal no.1, “Ila ya ayyuha’s-saqi..”, tooled in relief on the front cover, continued on the back. Both covers contain also the name of the binder – Baha’ al-Din Pashavari.The manuscript is a relatively early one and is in a very poor state of preservation; it must have changed hands many times, and the order of the folios is now very disturbed; those with paintings, at least, are now completely out of order. Some folios bear evidence of at least four separate foliationsThe paper is Oriental, slightly polished, now rather brown, and very badly worm eaten. It has been extensively and clumsily restored, but only in the margins, leaving the text area fragile. During the course of this repair, or at some earlier stage, the order of folios has been greatly disorganised. Traces of a foliation at the centre of the top of the page, where it has survived trimming for rebinding, indicate that it was once part of a larger manuscript, presumably of the complete text, with 568 folios. The catchwords have frequently not survived the marginal restorations, and are totally absent from the last 20 folios. Together with the existing catchwords, the original numbering (which has been pasted onto the new tops of the last four folios of the ms., ff. 565-8 inclusive), provides the key for any future reconstruction of the text. In the following preliminary observations, the current foliation is given first, followed by the original foliation when recoverable.The codex has 281 folios, written surface within gold ruled frames. The text is written in an inelegant and irregular nasta‘liq with headings in thulth, in unornamented frames, both in Indian ink.The manuscript contains part II only, from the reign of Luhrasp. As it currently stands, however, the text begins (f. 1r/567r) with the killing of Mahu-yi Suri, incipit:Haman gah rasidand yaran bad-u//hama dasht az-u shud pur az guft-u guy (Dabir-Siyaqi, ed. ch. 50 line 896).This is out of place, and should be the penultimate folio: the same heading is also found on f. 280v/566v. The text proper begins on f. 2v/295v, with Luhrasp, under a narrow ‘unvan (57 x 105 mm), of gold with predominantly olive green, blue and burnt sienna ornament, bearing the inscription “Allah wa’l-tawfiq”. Incipit:Chu Luhrasp bi-nishast bar takht-i dad…The catchwords and the disorder of the paintings indicate the disturbance of the text at least at the following points: at f. 12/499, now followed by f. 13/300; between ff. 17v and 18r; between ff. 31/319 and 33/320, f. 32/533 is now inserted out of place; between ff. 51v and 52r; at f. 72/479, now followed by f. 73/407 and f. 74/351 (?); between ff. 112 and 114, f. 113 is out of place; f. 130/406 is now followed by f. 131/408 (so that f. 73/407 should be reinserted here); f. 150/427 is now followed by f. 151/429; between ff. 161/439 and 163/440, f. 162 is out of place; ff. 178-9 are misplaced between ff. 177/454 and 180/455. Folio 194/469 is now followed by f. 195/479; between f. 224/509 and f. 226/510 is now found f. 225/560 out of place; f. 235/519 is now followed by f. 236/521 (old folio 520 missing); f. 254 is incorrectly inserted between f. 253/539 and f. 255/540. Lastly, the final folio, f. 568, has been rebound the wrong way round, so that f. 281r is actually f. 568 verso.In addition to the illuminated ‘unvan on f. 2v, there is a fine ‘unvan on f.81v (357v), at the start of the story of Iskandar, in ultramarine blue, black and gold.The manuscript contains 12 miniatures in Indian provincial style, considerably later than the date of the text. The paintings are painted over the text, which in any event is not close to the standard copies. Any relationship between the images and the text is fortuitous and depends largely on the wording of the rubrics rather than the poetry, suggesting the work of an artist either unfamiliar with, or indifferent to, Firdausi’s poem.Probably, the paintings were made on loose folios, which were later reinserted into the manuscript at the wrong place: this is obvious not only from the disturbance of the text noted above, but also from the subject matter of the pictures themselves, which do not occur in the right order.Leaving aside the frontis and finispieces, the correct order of the paintings should be: 6, 8, 7, 10, 5, 4, 1, 2, 9 (it is not clear where the episode from the interpolated Barzunama, no. 3, should go, but like four of the other paintings, it must originally have been in the missing first section of the text).The paintings are not unattractive, particularly in their colour scheme, of bright blue skies, brown and ochre rocks and foregrounds, and harmoniously coloured prancing horses (white, blue, browns). They are generally set in the text in a rectangular band near the centre of the page, either immediately after or immediately before a heading; sometimes the subject of the picture seems to refer to the heading beneath (as in nos 4 and 8). The execution of the paintings, however, is quite crude, and the paint surface in many cases is rather damaged, especially on the faces. The figures are very wooden, particularly the stiff corpses that occasionally grace the foreground of combat scenes. (FA, ChM)
Bibliyografya	Arberry, A.J., A second supplementary hand-list of the Muhammadan manuscripts in the University and Colleges of Cambridge, Cambridge, 1952.
Süsleme	Rustam and a King sitting in front of the tentScene Title:Frontispiece (recto side)Folio number: 002rNotes: Rustam and a King sitting in front of the tentLocation in text:Mohl -1c, Frontispieces and Finispieces, first line: None, break line before: None, break line after: None, last line: None.Bahram Chubina writes a letter to HurmuzdTitle (Persian): 1172Scene Title:Bahram Chubina asks Hurmuzd to forgive ParmudaFolio number: 012rNotes: The picture is painted over the text, which drops verses 1174-1188. The break-line after the picture is not in Mohl - the verse listed is the following one.Location in text:Mohl 42, Hurmuzd (14 years), first line: 1172, break line before: 1173, break line after: 1189.0, last line: 1218.Title (Persian): 2657Scene Title:The captive Qulun mortally wounds Bahram ChubinaFolio number: 032rNotes: The painting clearly has nothing to do with the text at this point, which has been painted over. The rubric is placed a little early in the text but was perhaps sufficient to give a misleading clue to the painter.Location in text:Mohl 43, Khusrau Parviz (38 years), first line: 2653, break line before: 2658, break line after: 2691.0, last line: 2700.Bertels 56, Khusrau Parviz (4083), first line: 2560.0, break line before: 2565.0, break line after: 2598.0, last line: 2700.Afrasiyab fights BarzuScene Title:Scene from the BarzunamaFolio number: 052rNotes: Afrasiyab fights Barzu.Probably painted over the text.Location in text:Mohl -2b, Barzunama, first line: None, break line before: None, break line after: None, last line: None.Bahram Gur comes to IranScene Title:The Iranians write to Munzir and receive a replyFolio number: 073vNotes: The subject of the painting is to be assumed from the rubric beneath it, though it has nothing to do with the text above, which is missing 41 verses. The text is anyway clearly disturbed here and should be before the previous picture.Location in text:Mohl 34, Yazdagird the Sinner (21 years), first line: 450, break line before: 455, break line after: 496.0, last line: 499.Bertels 47, Yazdagird son of Bazakar (693), first line: 448.0, break line before: 453.0, break line after: 493.0, last line: 499.Iskandar kills the Fur of HindScene Title:Iskandar kills Fur Folio number: 092vNotes: Painted over the text and no connection with it.Location in text:Mohl 20, Iskandar (14 years), first line: 565, break line before: 567, break line after: 606.0, last line: 611.Bertels 33, Iskandar (1931), first line: 529.0, break line before: 531.0, break line after: 570.0, last line: 611.Sam asks the Simurgh to return ZalTitle (Persian): 163Scene Title:The Simurgh bids farewell to Sam's sonFolio number: 113vNotes: Painted over the text; the Simorgh here depicted as a sort of large heron.Location in text:Mohl 7, Manuchihr (120 years), first line: 150, break line before: 167, break line after: 184.0, last line: 202.Rustam fights AfrasiyabScene Title:Zavara executes Surkha to avenge SiyavushFolio number: 162vNotes: The text on this page is so different from the printed edition by Mohl that it is almost unrecognisable and there is little to link it with the rubric: Afrasiyab's flight from Rustam takes place almost 100 verses later.Location in text:Mohl 12e, Kay Khusrau comes to Iran, first line: 180, break line before: 203, break line after: None, last line: 230.Bertels 15, Kay Ka'us - Siyavush (3775), first line: 2742.0, break line before: 2759.0, break line after: 2775.0, last line: 230.Afrasiyab battles RustamTitle (Persian): 44, 89Scene Title:The combat between Rustam and AfrasiyabFolio number: 195vNotes: This is at least a battle scene, as hinted in the rubrics, which arre placed very close together and indicate the loss of text: greater than the 22 verses hidden under the painting.Location in text:Mohl 11, Kay Qubad (100 years), first line: 37, break line before: 46, break line after: 89.0, last line: 98.Bertels 11, Kay Qubad (202), first line: 34.0, break line before: 42.0, break line after: 67.0, last line: 98.Sa'd-i Vaqqas kills RustamTitle (Persian): 235Folio number: 225rNotes: The painting could be thought to approximate to the text, which has probably been overpainted.Location in text:Mohl 50, Yazdagird (16 years), first line: None, break line before: None, break line after: 235.0, last line: 250.Rustam kills Kafur the cannibalTitle (Persian): 1039Scene Title:Rustam fights Kafur the CannibalFolio number: 254vNotes: Some notional relationship to the text, probably overpainted.Location in text:Mohl 13c, Rustam and the Khaqan-i Chin, first line: 1001, break line before: 1031, break line after: None, last line: 1031.Rustam with a seated prince or princessScene Title:Finispiece (recto side)Folio number: 281rLocation in text:Mohl -1c, Frontispieces and Finispieces, first line: None, break line before: None, break line after: None, last line: None.Sample pageFolio number: 81vColophonFolio number: 281v
Mizanpaj	4 columns. 25 rows. Leaf height: 254 mm, width: 162 mm. Written height: 174 mm, width: 106 mm.
Menşei Yeri	India
Köken (Provenance)	Presented by Major R.G.Gayer-Anderson and Coll. T.G.Gayer-Anderson, CM.C., D.S.O on 19 January 1943.
Yazı Tipi	Nasta'liq.
Yüzyıl 1	1500s C.E.
Oluşturma Tarihi (Bağlantı Türü)	keyword search
Oluşturma Türü	creation
Yıl (Bitiş)	1565
Yıl (Başlangıç)	1565
Görüntü Hakları (Görüntüleme)	Zooming image © Cambridge University Library.
Görüntü Hakları (İndirme)	Images made available for download are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Unported License (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Dil Kodu 1	per
Dil 1	Persian
Metadata Hakları	This metadata is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Unported License.
Küçük Resim Yönü	portrait
Filigran Beyanı	© Cambridge University Library (CC BY-NC 4.0)

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Cambridge Dijital Kütüphanesi

Kaynağa git

Shahnama

Yazar Firdausi

Tür Belge

Dil Farsça

Dijital Evet

Yazma Evet

Sayfa Sayısı 14

Fiziksel Boyutlar 281 ff. Codex. Incomplete.

Kütüphane Cambridge Dijital Kütüphanesi

Kayıt Numarası MS-OR-01356-00010

Lokasyon University Library — University Library Or. 1356 (10)

Tarih Gregorian: 1565/Hcm/Jul/--. Hijri: 0972/Dhh/--.-1565-1565

Notlar What might once have been a relatively good 16th-century copy of the Shahnama, with some nice calligraphy particularly in the rubrics, in very poor condition after a damaging sojourn in India. It was presented by Major R.G. Gayer-Anderson and Col. T.G. Gayer-Anderson, C.M.C., D.S.O., on 19 January 1943. Purchased in India for 500 rupees in Jumada I, 1197/1783 (f. 281v).Limp burgundy leather binding, almost falling apart down the spine, decorated with a floral ornament and the text of Hafiz’s ghazal no.1, “Ila ya ayyuha’s-saqi..”, tooled in relief on the front cover, continued on the back. Both covers contain also the name of the binder – Baha’ al-Din Pashavari.The manuscript is a relatively early one and is in a very poor state of preservation; it must have changed hands many times, and the order of the folios is now very disturbed; those with paintings, at least, are now completely out of order. Some folios bear evidence of at least four separate foliationsThe paper is Oriental, slightly polished, now rather brown, and very badly worm eaten. It has been extensively and clumsily restored, but only in the margins, leaving the text area fragile. During the course of this repair, or at some earlier stage, the order of folios has been greatly disorganised. Traces of a foliation at the centre of the top of the page, where it has survived trimming for rebinding, indicate that it was once part of a larger manuscript, presumably of the complete text, with 568 folios. The catchwords have frequently not survived the marginal restorations, and are totally absent from the last 20 folios. Together with the existing catchwords, the original numbering (which has been pasted onto the new tops of the last four folios of the ms., ff. 565-8 inclusive), provides the key for any future reconstruction of the text. In the following preliminary observations, the current foliation is given first, followed by the original foliation when recoverable.The codex has 281 folios, written surface within gold ruled frames. The text is written in an inelegant and irregular nasta‘liq with headings in thulth, in unornamented frames, both in Indian ink.The manuscript contains part II only, from the reign of Luhrasp. As it currently stands, however, the text begins (f. 1r/567r) with the killing of Mahu-yi Suri, incipit:Haman gah rasidand yaran bad-u//hama dasht az-u shud pur az guft-u guy (Dabir-Siyaqi, ed. ch. 50 line 896).This is out of place, and should be the penultimate folio: the same heading is also found on f. 280v/566v. The text proper begins on f. 2v/295v, with Luhrasp, under a narrow ‘unvan (57 x 105 mm), of gold with predominantly olive green, blue and burnt sienna ornament, bearing the inscription “Allah wa’l-tawfiq”. Incipit:Chu Luhrasp bi-nishast bar takht-i dad…The catchwords and the disorder of the paintings indicate the disturbance of the text at least at the following points: at f. 12/499, now followed by f. 13/300; between ff. 17v and 18r; between ff. 31/319 and 33/320, f. 32/533 is now inserted out of place; between ff. 51v and 52r; at f. 72/479, now followed by f. 73/407 and f. 74/351 (?); between ff. 112 and 114, f. 113 is out of place; f. 130/406 is now followed by f. 131/408 (so that f. 73/407 should be reinserted here); f. 150/427 is now followed by f. 151/429; between ff. 161/439 and 163/440, f. 162 is out of place; ff. 178-9 are misplaced between ff. 177/454 and 180/455. Folio 194/469 is now followed by f. 195/479; between f. 224/509 and f. 226/510 is now found f. 225/560 out of place; f. 235/519 is now followed by f. 236/521 (old folio 520 missing); f. 254 is incorrectly inserted between f. 253/539 and f. 255/540. Lastly, the final folio, f. 568, has been rebound the wrong way round, so that f. 281r is actually f. 568 verso.In addition to the illuminated ‘unvan on f. 2v, there is a fine ‘unvan on f.81v (357v), at the start of the story of Iskandar, in ultramarine blue, black and gold.The manuscript contains 12 miniatures in Indian provincial style, considerably later than the date of the text. The paintings are painted over the text, which in any event is not close to the standard copies. Any relationship between the images and the text is fortuitous and depends largely on the wording of the rubrics rather than the poetry, suggesting the work of an artist either unfamiliar with, or indifferent to, Firdausi’s poem.Probably, the paintings were made on loose folios, which were later reinserted into the manuscript at the wrong place: this is obvious not only from the disturbance of the text noted above, but also from the subject matter of the pictures themselves, which do not occur in the right order.Leaving aside the frontis and finispieces, the correct order of the paintings should be: 6, 8, 7, 10, 5, 4, 1, 2, 9 (it is not clear where the episode from the interpolated Barzunama, no. 3, should go, but like four of the other paintings, it must originally have been in the missing first section of the text).The paintings are not unattractive, particularly in their colour scheme, of bright blue skies, brown and ochre rocks and foregrounds, and harmoniously coloured prancing horses (white, blue, browns). They are generally set in the text in a rectangular band near the centre of the page, either immediately after or immediately before a heading; sometimes the subject of the picture seems to refer to the heading beneath (as in nos 4 and 8). The execution of the paintings, however, is quite crude, and the paint surface in many cases is rather damaged, especially on the faces. The figures are very wooden, particularly the stiff corpses that occasionally grace the foreground of combat scenes. (FA, ChM)

Bibliyografya Arberry, A.J., A second supplementary hand-list of the Muhammadan manuscripts in the University and Colleges of Cambridge, Cambridge, 1952.

Süsleme Rustam and a King sitting in front of the tentScene Title:Frontispiece (recto side)Folio number: 002rNotes: Rustam and a King sitting in front of the tentLocation in text:Mohl -1c, Frontispieces and Finispieces, first line: None, break line before: None, break line after: None, last line: None.Bahram Chubina writes a letter to HurmuzdTitle (Persian): 1172Scene Title:Bahram Chubina asks Hurmuzd to forgive ParmudaFolio number: 012rNotes: The picture is painted over the text, which drops verses 1174-1188. The break-line after the picture is not in Mohl - the verse listed is the following one.Location in text:Mohl 42, Hurmuzd (14 years), first line: 1172, break line before: 1173, break line after: 1189.0, last line: 1218.Title (Persian): 2657Scene Title:The captive Qulun mortally wounds Bahram ChubinaFolio number: 032rNotes: The painting clearly has nothing to do with the text at this point, which has been painted over. The rubric is placed a little early in the text but was perhaps sufficient to give a misleading clue to the painter.Location in text:Mohl 43, Khusrau Parviz (38 years), first line: 2653, break line before: 2658, break line after: 2691.0, last line: 2700.Bertels 56, Khusrau Parviz (4083), first line: 2560.0, break line before: 2565.0, break line after: 2598.0, last line: 2700.Afrasiyab fights BarzuScene Title:Scene from the BarzunamaFolio number: 052rNotes: Afrasiyab fights Barzu.Probably painted over the text.Location in text:Mohl -2b, Barzunama, first line: None, break line before: None, break line after: None, last line: None.Bahram Gur comes to IranScene Title:The Iranians write to Munzir and receive a replyFolio number: 073vNotes: The subject of the painting is to be assumed from the rubric beneath it, though it has nothing to do with the text above, which is missing 41 verses. The text is anyway clearly disturbed here and should be before the previous picture.Location in text:Mohl 34, Yazdagird the Sinner (21 years), first line: 450, break line before: 455, break line after: 496.0, last line: 499.Bertels 47, Yazdagird son of Bazakar (693), first line: 448.0, break line before: 453.0, break line after: 493.0, last line: 499.Iskandar kills the Fur of HindScene Title:Iskandar kills Fur Folio number: 092vNotes: Painted over the text and no connection with it.Location in text:Mohl 20, Iskandar (14 years), first line: 565, break line before: 567, break line after: 606.0, last line: 611.Bertels 33, Iskandar (1931), first line: 529.0, break line before: 531.0, break line after: 570.0, last line: 611.Sam asks the Simurgh to return ZalTitle (Persian): 163Scene Title:The Simurgh bids farewell to Sam's sonFolio number: 113vNotes: Painted over the text; the Simorgh here depicted as a sort of large heron.Location in text:Mohl 7, Manuchihr (120 years), first line: 150, break line before: 167, break line after: 184.0, last line: 202.Rustam fights AfrasiyabScene Title:Zavara executes Surkha to avenge SiyavushFolio number: 162vNotes: The text on this page is so different from the printed edition by Mohl that it is almost unrecognisable and there is little to link it with the rubric: Afrasiyab's flight from Rustam takes place almost 100 verses later.Location in text:Mohl 12e, Kay Khusrau comes to Iran, first line: 180, break line before: 203, break line after: None, last line: 230.Bertels 15, Kay Ka'us - Siyavush (3775), first line: 2742.0, break line before: 2759.0, break line after: 2775.0, last line: 230.Afrasiyab battles RustamTitle (Persian): 44, 89Scene Title:The combat between Rustam and AfrasiyabFolio number: 195vNotes: This is at least a battle scene, as hinted in the rubrics, which arre placed very close together and indicate the loss of text: greater than the 22 verses hidden under the painting.Location in text:Mohl 11, Kay Qubad (100 years), first line: 37, break line before: 46, break line after: 89.0, last line: 98.Bertels 11, Kay Qubad (202), first line: 34.0, break line before: 42.0, break line after: 67.0, last line: 98.Sa'd-i Vaqqas kills RustamTitle (Persian): 235Folio number: 225rNotes: The painting could be thought to approximate to the text, which has probably been overpainted.Location in text:Mohl 50, Yazdagird (16 years), first line: None, break line before: None, break line after: 235.0, last line: 250.Rustam kills Kafur the cannibalTitle (Persian): 1039Scene Title:Rustam fights Kafur the CannibalFolio number: 254vNotes: Some notional relationship to the text, probably overpainted.Location in text:Mohl 13c, Rustam and the Khaqan-i Chin, first line: 1001, break line before: 1031, break line after: None, last line: 1031.Rustam with a seated prince or princessScene Title:Finispiece (recto side)Folio number: 281rLocation in text:Mohl -1c, Frontispieces and Finispieces, first line: None, break line before: None, break line after: None, last line: None.Sample pageFolio number: 81vColophonFolio number: 281v

Mizanpaj 4 columns. 25 rows. Leaf height: 254 mm, width: 162 mm. Written height: 174 mm, width: 106 mm.

Menşei Yeri India

Köken (Provenance) Presented by Major R.G.Gayer-Anderson and Coll. T.G.Gayer-Anderson, CM.C., D.S.O on 19 January 1943.

Yazı Tipi Nasta'liq.

Yüzyıl 1 1500s C.E.

Oluşturma Tarihi (Bağlantı Türü) keyword search

Oluşturma Türü creation

Yıl (Bitiş) 1565

Yıl (Başlangıç) 1565

Görüntü Hakları (İndirme) Images made available for download are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Unported License (CC BY-NC 4.0)

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Dil 1 Persian

Metadata Hakları This metadata is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Unported License.

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