Shahnama

Name: Shahnama
Author: Firdausi

İsim	Shahnama
Yazar	Firdausi
Tür	Belge
Dil	Farsça
Dijital	Evet
Yazma	Evet
Sayfa Sayısı	57
Fiziksel Boyutlar	627 ff. Codex. Complete.
Kütüphane:	Cambridge Dijital Kütüphanesi
Kayıt Numarası	MS-BODLEIAN-ELLIOTT-00325
Lokasyon	Bodleian Library — Bodleian Library Elliott 325
Tarih	Gregorian: 1494/Hcd/Jun/26. Hijri: 0899/Ram/14.-1494-1494
Notlar	Provenance: on the inner side of the back cover an ex libris label is attached with the family emblem of Ouseley: two knights holding the heraldic shield (one with the spear, one with the sheep headed mace) and the inscription below: The right honorable Sir Gore Ouseley baronet Grand cordon of the Persian order of Lion and Sun and Grand Cross of the Imperial Russian order of Saint Alexander Newski. The inner side of the front cover contains the same ex libris, but it was added [by hand of Ouseley?]: and Grand Cross of the Hanoverian order of the Guelph.There are several imprints of the owners’ seals (f.1r), which are hardly readable; two imprints are severely washed out. Several interpretations of the seals are still legible, even one of them is partly washed out. They contain dates 17 Shawwal 1072 (and the name Mubariz Shah 'Ali Muhammad …), 1084 (?) and 3 Jumadi I, 1091. The date 25 Rajab 1073 accompanies the inscription about the library, where it was acquired, but the name of the library is washed out – the name of the librarian is still there. There is also a very faded pencil inscription in Latin … (?) Mqv Solynaan and underneath 52 illustrations (in the centre) and in ink in Ouseley’s hand: transcribed A.H. 899 by Sultan Hussein the son of Sultan Ali. Also 2500 Rs (in the left upper corner). The rather informative colophon (f. 627r) confirms this: The calligrapher is Sultan Husain b. Sultan ‘Ali b. Aslanshah al-Katib [ghulam-i shah, or Ghulam Shah] on 14 Ramazan 866.Fol. 3r contained an owner's seal, which was scratched out.The binding went through a serious restoration, partly unprofessional. The outer sides bear the original covers, made in the manner traditional for the 15-17th century: of leather mounted on thick cardboard with deeply stamped triple medallions in the centre and triangle corners. The large central medallion is of almond shape, two side ones (on top and bottom) are lotus-like; they, together with the corners are decorated with floral ornament and covered with gold. Now the rest of the cover is painted light green with a brush. The binding in general is European, with an emerald green frame with stamped neat ornament in gold and a light brown edge with five thread divisions, decorated with floral ornament (bouquets of stylized sunflowers and thistle) and an inscription in gold over the title ‘Shahnameh’ in red. In the upper section of the edge there is an image (stamped in gold) of a rhinoceros with a little tree on its back. The inner sides (doublures) are covers with the peacock tail design in red, blue, green, yellow and white.On the inner side of the front cover there is a small label ‘Mostra d’Arte Persiana n. 49 ISMEO-Roma, 1956’: probably the year when the ms was sent to an exhibition.Condition is good, the copy probably preserves almost its original size: the catchwords are far from the cut edge, which is decorated in the same manner and palette as the inner covers of the binding. The paper is thick, Oriental, of high quality, glossy and creamy, but it suffered quite significantly from water stains that are spread all over the manuscript, but cover most of the marginal space. There was an attempt to insert paper in between the folios to absorb the wet: one of those ‘protection’ sheets had calligraphy, which reflected onto the paper (f. 34r). Folio 60 is replaced by a new one with the illustration in Indian style which was recycled: it is in fact a collage made of two different pictures: one is Rudaba giving birth to Rustam and Simurgh descending from the sky. Rudaba’s head is cut off.The text is in small neat nasta'liq in Indian ink, headings in gold or blue in the cartouches, filled in with herbal design with gold, turquoise and orange details. The margins are: 62 mm - top and bottom, 74 mm side.The prose Preface (ff. 3v-9r) starts on f. 3v.Incipit: sipas-u afarin-i khuday-ra jalla jalalahu...The satire on Mahmud contains 42 baits (ff. 6r-v); the list of kings is on ff. 8r-9r.The incipit of the poem (f.9v) is standard: ba nam-i khudavand-i jan-u khirad...Explicit (f. 627r): Hami ta bud ruz-u shab-u tar-u pud / zi ma bar ravan-i Muhammad durudThe last title (f. 626v): Andar khatm-i kitab-i Shahnama.Illuminations: ff.1v-2r - both pages contain quite big (200 x 110 mm) identical almond shape decorations (shamsa) with lotus-like rosettes on top and bottom in ultramarine blue and gold of two kinds (shiny and matt) with details in polychrome. They produce an impression of being shamsas, but they do not carry any information and are not designed for any inscription.Ff.2v-3r - frontispiece, representing a royal reception in the garden. The right side of the double page composition, represents a king, sitting on his throne under a tent in the shadow of two blossoming trees (in the top part of the miniature). There is a stream running in front of him. It can be a garden, or just mountainous plain air scene. The courtiers, sitting on their carpets around the king, watching the perfomance of a girl dancing in the bottom part to the accompaniment of a female ensemble (two other girls), playing different musical instruments (harp and tambourine). Interesting: left side of the composition seems to contain the continuation of the reception scene with one more group of musicians – this time male: three men playing a harp, tambourine and a setar. Both sides contain a stream crossing the picture, however, these two parts of the stream do not correspond with each other’s direction.The left side of the double page composition represents courtiers of different ranks (but lower than those on the opposite page around the king) and professions watching the king on the opposite page: they stand and sit in groups under the trees and along the stream: hunters with falcons, arrows and bows, musicians with different musical instruments, grooms with horses, cooks and servants with dishes and bowls, gardeners with spades. The trees are blossoming cherries and cypresses; sky is locally gold with a white Chinese cloud. The details of the painting are very neat (vegetation, ornaments of courtiers dresses, tents and carpets), the palette is very rich. However the condition is not excellent. Some paints, especially the green of the ground and the red, have peeled out, due to the wet. Both paintings are surrounded by a wide frame (22 mm) in bright ultramarine blue with an arabesque ornament of gold rosettes and polychrome details in orange, light blue, green and black. Some pigments peeled out.The beginning of the prose Preface is represented as a magnificent double page sarlauh, where the wide frames of arabesque ornament in blue, shiny and matt gold and polychrome (259 x 152 mm) surround rather small cartouches with the text (65 x 68 mm). The interlinear spaces of text in the cartouches are filled in with gold clouds with floral ornament.There is a miniature (f. 7r), illustrating the prose preface, where there is a king in the garden, sitting on a carpet together with two poets. One is sitting on the grass before them. Two other figures are definitely not poets, but servants: one is serving wine, another is black, holding the manuscript.Robinson called the painting “The presentation to Baysanghur Mirza the completed version of his recension of the Shahnama".The unvan, starting the poem (f. 9v) is comparatively modest in size (115 x 130 mm), but of very high quality of composition and execution (in ultramarine blue, gold of two types – shiny and matt – and polychrome) and in very good condition, despite some water stains on top. The shape is formed of a rectangular base and a semicircular top with rays of blue outlined lace coming to the margins.One of the favourite decorations of the calligrapher is a design of diagonals with illuminated triangles, which can accompany either a page with a miniature, or be on their own (for example ff. 618v-627r are written in such style with only one miniature on f. 626r).Paintings: The miniatures were most probably executed by one artist, who had his obvious preferences in depicting some particular details both in the interior (blue tiled walls and curtains on the window bound in some special knot). To depict the exterior scenes he used the technique of the ‘sea weed-like’ treatment of rocks and hill edges, with usual white or blue Chinese clouds over gold sky, or gold outlined clouds over blue sky, very neatly depicted details of the horses' armour, fthe oreground in several layers of colour, and small wreaths of flowers on the pastel green, pink, or lilac grass.Some illustrations (e.g. f. 30v – murder of Iraj) are accompanied by a verse from Jones’ translation in Ouseley’s hand on the margin.Robinson notes that in a number of cases, faces have been clumsily repainted in India in recent times.Robinson reproduces a number of cropped inlustrations in b/w.
Bibliyografya	Norgren, J. & Davis, E., Preliminary index of Shah-nameh illustrations, Ann Arbor, 1969.
Süsleme	Frontispiece: Royal reception in the gardenScene Title:Frontispiece (verso side)Folio number: 002vLocation in text:Mohl -1c, Frontispieces and Finispieces, first line: None, break line before: None, break line after: None, last line: None.Frontispiece: Royal reception in the gardenScene Title:Frontispiece (recto side)Folio number: 003rLocation in text:Mohl -1c, Frontispieces and Finispieces, first line: None, break line before: None, break line after: None, last line: None.Baysunqur Mirza /Sultan Mahmud and the presentation of the ShahnamaScene Title:Firdausi and his book introduced to Sultan MahmudFolio number: 007rLocation in text:Mohl -1d, Preface, first line: None, break line before: None, break line after: None, last line: None.Kayumars enthronedFolio number: 012vLocation in text:Mohl 1, Kayumars (30 years), first line: 9, break line before: 10, break line after: 13.0, last line: 26.Jamshid cut in half before ZahhakScene Title:Jamshid sawn in half before ZahhakFolio number: 017rLocation in text:Mohl 4, Jamshid (700 years), first line: 201, break line before: 206, break line after: 208.0, last line: 215.Faridun defeats Zahhak (?)Scene Title:Faridun defeats ZahhakFolio number: 023vLocation in text:Mohl 5, Zahhak (1000 years), first line: 482, break line before: 483, break line after: None, last line: 494.The murder of IrajFolio number: 030vLocation in text:Mohl 6, Faridun (500 years), first line: 523, break line before: 531, break line after: 532.0, last line: 537.Manuchihr kills SalmFolio number: 038rLocation in text:Mohl 6, Faridun (500 years), first line: 1038, break line before: 1044, break line after: 1045.0, last line: 1052.Zal meets RudabaScene Title:Rudaba and Zal togetherFolio number: 047vNotes: The last line is missing in Mohl, following line 674.Location in text:Mohl 7, Manuchihr (120 years), first line: 661, break line before: 665, break line after: 666.0, last line: None.The birth of RustamTitle (Persian): 1663Folio number: 060rLocation in text:Mohl 7, Manuchihr (120 years), first line: 1661, break line before: 1664, break line after: None, last line: 1664.Rustam lifts Afrasiyab by the beltFolio number: 079rLocation in text:Mohl 11, Kay Qubad (100 years), first line: 49, break line before: 50, break line after: 51.0, last line: None.Rustam's first labour: Rakhsh kills a lionTitle (Persian): 323Folio number: 086rLocation in text:Mohl 12, Kay Kavus (150 years), first line: 314, break line before: 314, break line after: 315.0, last line: 325.Rustam's seventh labour: he kills the White DivFolio number: 090rLocation in text:Mohl 12, Kay Kavus (150 years), first line: 618, break line before: 634, break line after: 635.0, last line: 642.Kay Kavus airborneFolio number: 099vNotes: Mohl's verses 475-487 are missing here, as they are in many of the oldest manuscripts and in Khaleghi's edition.Location in text:Mohl 12b, Kay Kavus fights the King of Hamavaran, first line: None, break line before: 474, break line after: 480.0, last line: None.Suhrab fights GurdafaridFolio number: 106rLocation in text:Mohl 12c, Suhrab, first line: 299, break line before: 304, break line after: 305.0, last line: 314.Rustam discovers Suhrab's identityFolio number: 115vLocation in text:Mohl 12c, Suhrab, first line: None, break line before: 1181, break line after: 1182.0, last line: 1190.The fire ordeal of SiyavushFolio number: 124vLocation in text:Mohl 12d, Siyavush, first line: 526, break line before: 539, break line after: 540.0, last line: 541.Guruy executes SiyavushFolio number: 146vLocation in text:Mohl 12d, Siyavush, first line: 2498, break line before: 2516, break line after: None, last line: 2516.Kay Khusrau crosses the Oxus with Farangis and GivFolio number: 160vLocation in text:Mohl 12e, Kay Khusrau comes to Iran, first line: 1070, break line before: 1078, break line after: 1079.0, last line: 1086.Rivniz dies, but Bahram saves his crownFolio number: 180rLocation in text:Mohl 13, Kay Khusrau (60 years), first line: 1429, break line before: 1431, break line after: 1432.0, last line: 1443.Rustam kills Ashkabus and his horseFolio number: 198rLocation in text:Mohl 13b, Kamus-i Kashani, first line: 1401, break line before: 1419, break line after: 1418.0, last line: 1419.Rustam pulls the Khaqan of Chin from his elephant by lassoTitle (Persian): 715Folio number: 208vLocation in text:Mohl 13c, Rustam and the Khaqan-i Chin, first line: 715, break line before: 722, break line after: 723.0, last line: 742.The Div Akvan flings Rustam into the seaScene Title:Akvan Div flings Rustam into the seaFolio number: 218rLocation in text:Mohl 13d, Rustam fights Akhvan Div, first line: None, break line before: 89, break line after: 90.0, last line: 98.Bizhan brought before AfrasiyabFolio number: 224vLocation in text:Mohl 13e, Bizhan and Manizha, first line: 324, break line before: 331, break line after: 332.0, last line: 337.Rustam rescues Bizhan from the pitFolio number: 234vLocation in text:Mohl 13e, Bizhan and Manizha, first line: 1172, break line before: 1174, break line after: 1175.0, last line: 1186.Bertels 20, Bizhan and Manizha (1312), first line: 1103.0, break line before: 1105.0, break line after: 1106.0, last line: 1186.Khaleghi-Motlagh 22, Bizhan and Manizha (1279), first line: 1068.0, break line before: 1070.0, break line after: 1071.0, last line: 1082.0.The eleventh combat: Gudarz kills PiranFolio number: 260vNotes: The painting accurately shows the moment of Gudarz's spear hitting Piran.Location in text:Mohl 13f, The Twelve Rukhs, first line: 2038, break line before: 2042, break line after: 2043.0, last line: 2053.Kay Khusrau kills ShidaScene Title:Kay Khusrau kills Shida Folio number: 274vLocation in text:Mohl 13g, The Great War between Kay Khusrau and Afrasiyab, first line: 689, break line before: 696, break line after: 697.0, last line: 705.Kay Khusrau sees the marvels of the Zara seaScene Title:Kay Khusrau crosses Lake ZaraFolio number: 290rLocation in text:Mohl 13g, The Great War between Kay Khusrau and Afrasiyab, first line: 2015, break line before: 2018, break line after: 2019.0, last line: None.Kay Khusrau beheads Afrasiyab with a blow of his sword*Scene Title:The execution of AfrasiyabFolio number: 294rLocation in text:Mohl 13g, The Great War between Kay Khusrau and Afrasiyab, first line: 2393, break line before: 2405, break line after: 2406.0, last line: 2409.Gushtasp strikes the dragon on the head with his swordScene Title:Gushtasp kills a dragon in RumFolio number: 312rNotes: This image borrows the iconography from Isfandiyar's fight with the dragon, in which he advances in an armoured chariot. Location in text:Mohl 14, Luhrasp (120 years), first line: 557, break line before: 559, break line after: 560.0, last line: 570.Gushtasp sends Isfandiyar to prisonScene Title:Gushtasp puts Isfandiyar in chainsFolio number: 328rLocation in text:Mohl 15, Gushtasp (120 years), first line: 981, break line before: 987, break line after: 988.0, last line: 996.Isfandiyar's fifth labour: he kills the SimurghFolio number: 337vLocation in text:Mohl 15, Gushtasp (120 years), first line: 1802, break line before: 1808, break line after: 1809.0, last line: 1817.Rustam kicks aside the rock pushed by BahmanFolio number: 348rLocation in text:Mohl 15, Gushtasp (120 years), first line: 2719, break line before: 2731, break line after: 2732.0, last line: 2733.Rustam shoots Isfandiyar in the eyes with a double-pointed arrowFolio number: 360vLocation in text:Mohl 15, Gushtasp (120 years), first line: 3776, break line before: 3784, break line after: 3785.0, last line: None.Rustam kills Shaghad before dyingFolio number: 366vLocation in text:Mohl 15, Gushtasp (120 years), first line: 4266, break line before: 4271, break line after: 4272.0, last line: 4281.Iskandar attends dying DaraScene Title:Iskandar attends the dying DaraFolio number: 379rLocation in text:Mohl 20, Iskandar (14 years), first line: 331, break line before: 333, break line after: 334.0, last line: 345.Iskandar visits the Ka'baFolio number: 388rLocation in text:Mohl 20, Iskandar (14 years), first line: 680, break line before: 689, break line after: 690.0, last line: 695.Khizr at the Fountain of LifeFolio number: 396vNotes: The break-line is an interpolation about the presence of Ilyas - not mentioned in the Shahnama. Reproduced in Brend and Melville, p. 159, no. 59. Location in text:Mohl 20, Iskandar (14 years), first line: 1394, break line before: None, break line after: 1401.0, last line: 1405.Ardashir pours molten lead down the worm's throatFolio number: 411vLocation in text:Mohl 21, The Ashkanians (200 years), first line: 722, break line before: 728, break line after: 729.0, last line: 735.Shapur cuts the nose and ears of the King of RumTitle (Persian): 463Folio number: 428vLocation in text:Mohl 29, Shapur Zul-aktaf (72 years), first line: None, break line before: None, break line after: 456.0, last line: 465.Bahram Gur's mount tramples AzadaFolio number: 434vLocation in text:Mohl 34, Yazdagird the Sinner (21 years), first line: 189, break line before: 197, break line after: 198.0, last line: 204.The priest find two golden bulls with their heads in a feeder filled with precious stonesScene Title:Bahram Gur finds Jamshid's treasuresFolio number: 446vLocation in text:Mohl 35, Bahram Gur (1) (63 years), first line: 549, break line before: None, break line after: 556.0, last line: 563.Bahram Gur kills a unicornScene Title:Bahram Gur kills a wolf in IndiaFolio number: 463vLocation in text:Mohl 35b, Bahram Gur (2), first line: 402, break line before: 416, break line after: 417.0, last line: 420.Defeat and death of Piruz (BWR)Scene Title:Piruz and his army fall into a pit and dieFolio number: 471vLocation in text:Mohl 38, Piruz son of Yazdagird (11 years, 4 months), first line: 117, break line before: 121, break line after: 122.0, last line: 130.Zarvan and the jew are hanged from the gallowsScene Title:Anushirvan executes Zarvan and the JewFolio number: 497rLocation in text:Mohl 41, Kisra Anushirvan (48 years), first line: 1729, break line before: 1736, break line after: 1737.0, last line: 1745.Anushirvan receives the Khaqan's daughterFolio number: 503rLocation in text:Mohl 41, Kisra Anushirvan (48 years), first line: 2218, break line before: 2221, break line after: 2222.0, last line: 2232.Talhand dies on his elephantScene Title:Talhand dies on the back of his elephant during the battleFolio number: 515rLocation in text:Mohl 41, Kisra Anushirvan (48 years), first line: 3295, break line before: 3305, break line after: 3306.0, last line: 3310.Anushirvan defeats the Rumis at their moatScene Title:Anushirvan marches on Rum and takes a loan from the merchantsFolio number: 525vLocation in text:Mohl 41, Kisra Anushirvan (48 years), first line: 4260, break line before: 4272, break line after: None, last line: 4273.Bahram Chubina kills the fleeing Sava ShahFolio number: 540rLocation in text:Mohl 42, Hurmuzd (14 years), first line: 910, break line before: 911, break line after: 912.0, last line: 922.King Hurmuzd is assassinatedFolio number: 560rLocation in text:Mohl 43, Khusrau Parviz (38 years), first line: 684, break line before: 689, break line after: 688.0, last line: 700.The angel Surush rescues Khusrau ParvizFolio number: 575vLocation in text:Mohl 43, Khusrau Parviz (38 years), first line: 1961, break line before: 1964, break line after: 1965.0, last line: 1973.Bahram Chubina kills the monkey-lionFolio number: 582rLocation in text:Mohl 43, Khusrau Parviz (38 years), first line: 2452, break line before: 2454, break line after: 2455.0, last line: 2470.The musician Barbad plays for Khusrau ParvizFolio number: 599vLocation in text:Mohl 43, Khusrau Parviz (38 years), first line: 3745, break line before: 3756, break line after: 3757.0, last line: 3758.Khusrau Parviz answers his son's chargesFolio number: 606rNotes: The painting comes at the point in the text where Qubad is enthroned.Location in text:Mohl 44, Qubad son of Parviz (7 months), first line: 85, break line before: 95, break line after: 96.0, last line: 101.Shirin commits suicide by the coffin of Khusrau ParvizFolio number: 612rLocation in text:Mohl 44, Qubad son of Parviz (7 months), first line: 582, break line before: 594, break line after: 595.0, last line: 596.Bizhan kills Mahuy to avenge YazdagirdFolio number: 626rLocation in text:Mohl 50, Yazdagird (16 years), first line: 872, break line before: 875, break line after: None, last line: 881.Sample pageFolio number: 259vColophonFolio number: 627r
Mizanpaj	4 columns. 23 rows. Leaf height: 340 mm, width: 220 mm. Written height: 220 mm, width: 130 mm.
Menşei Yeri	Turkman
Köken (Provenance)	Gift of J.B.Elliott of Patna in 1859. Cf. Ethe no. 493.
Müstensih(ler)	Sultan Husain b. Sultan 'Ali b. Aslanshah al-Katib
Yazı Tipi	Nasta'liq. Calligrapher: Sultan Husain b. Sultan 'Ali b. Aslanshah al-Katib.
Yüzyıl 1	1400s C.E.
Oluşturma Tarihi (Bağlantı Türü)	keyword search
Oluşturma Türü	creation
Yıl (Bitiş)	1494
Yıl (Başlangıç)	1494
Görüntü Hakları (Görüntüleme)	Zooming image © The Bodleian Library, Oxford.
Görüntü Hakları (İndirme)	Images made available for download are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Unported License (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Dil Kodu 1	per
Dil 1	Persian
Metadata Hakları	This metadata is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Unported License.
Küçük Resim Yönü	portrait
Filigran Beyanı	© The Bodleian Library, Oxford (CC BY-NC 4.0)

Kaynağa git Cambridge Dijital Kütüphanesi Cambridge Digital Library

Aramaya Dön

Cambridge Dijital Kütüphanesi

Kaynağa git

Shahnama

Yazar Firdausi

Tür Belge

Dil Farsça

Dijital Evet

Yazma Evet

Sayfa Sayısı 57

Fiziksel Boyutlar 627 ff. Codex. Complete.

Kütüphane Cambridge Dijital Kütüphanesi

Kayıt Numarası MS-BODLEIAN-ELLIOTT-00325

Lokasyon Bodleian Library — Bodleian Library Elliott 325

Tarih Gregorian: 1494/Hcd/Jun/26. Hijri: 0899/Ram/14.-1494-1494

Notlar Provenance: on the inner side of the back cover an ex libris label is attached with the family emblem of Ouseley: two knights holding the heraldic shield (one with the spear, one with the sheep headed mace) and the inscription below: The right honorable Sir Gore Ouseley baronet Grand cordon of the Persian order of Lion and Sun and Grand Cross of the Imperial Russian order of Saint Alexander Newski. The inner side of the front cover contains the same ex libris, but it was added [by hand of Ouseley?]: and Grand Cross of the Hanoverian order of the Guelph.There are several imprints of the owners’ seals (f.1r), which are hardly readable; two imprints are severely washed out. Several interpretations of the seals are still legible, even one of them is partly washed out. They contain dates 17 Shawwal 1072 (and the name Mubariz Shah 'Ali Muhammad …), 1084 (?) and 3 Jumadi I, 1091. The date 25 Rajab 1073 accompanies the inscription about the library, where it was acquired, but the name of the library is washed out – the name of the librarian is still there. There is also a very faded pencil inscription in Latin … (?) Mqv Solynaan and underneath 52 illustrations (in the centre) and in ink in Ouseley’s hand: transcribed A.H. 899 by Sultan Hussein the son of Sultan Ali. Also 2500 Rs (in the left upper corner). The rather informative colophon (f. 627r) confirms this: The calligrapher is Sultan Husain b. Sultan ‘Ali b. Aslanshah al-Katib [ghulam-i shah, or Ghulam Shah] on 14 Ramazan 866.Fol. 3r contained an owner's seal, which was scratched out.The binding went through a serious restoration, partly unprofessional. The outer sides bear the original covers, made in the manner traditional for the 15-17th century: of leather mounted on thick cardboard with deeply stamped triple medallions in the centre and triangle corners. The large central medallion is of almond shape, two side ones (on top and bottom) are lotus-like; they, together with the corners are decorated with floral ornament and covered with gold. Now the rest of the cover is painted light green with a brush. The binding in general is European, with an emerald green frame with stamped neat ornament in gold and a light brown edge with five thread divisions, decorated with floral ornament (bouquets of stylized sunflowers and thistle) and an inscription in gold over the title ‘Shahnameh’ in red. In the upper section of the edge there is an image (stamped in gold) of a rhinoceros with a little tree on its back. The inner sides (doublures) are covers with the peacock tail design in red, blue, green, yellow and white.On the inner side of the front cover there is a small label ‘Mostra d’Arte Persiana n. 49 ISMEO-Roma, 1956’: probably the year when the ms was sent to an exhibition.Condition is good, the copy probably preserves almost its original size: the catchwords are far from the cut edge, which is decorated in the same manner and palette as the inner covers of the binding. The paper is thick, Oriental, of high quality, glossy and creamy, but it suffered quite significantly from water stains that are spread all over the manuscript, but cover most of the marginal space. There was an attempt to insert paper in between the folios to absorb the wet: one of those ‘protection’ sheets had calligraphy, which reflected onto the paper (f. 34r). Folio 60 is replaced by a new one with the illustration in Indian style which was recycled: it is in fact a collage made of two different pictures: one is Rudaba giving birth to Rustam and Simurgh descending from the sky. Rudaba’s head is cut off.The text is in small neat nasta'liq in Indian ink, headings in gold or blue in the cartouches, filled in with herbal design with gold, turquoise and orange details. The margins are: 62 mm - top and bottom, 74 mm side.The prose Preface (ff. 3v-9r) starts on f. 3v.Incipit: sipas-u afarin-i khuday-ra jalla jalalahu...The satire on Mahmud contains 42 baits (ff. 6r-v); the list of kings is on ff. 8r-9r.The incipit of the poem (f.9v) is standard: ba nam-i khudavand-i jan-u khirad...Explicit (f. 627r): Hami ta bud ruz-u shab-u tar-u pud / zi ma bar ravan-i Muhammad durudThe last title (f. 626v): Andar khatm-i kitab-i Shahnama.Illuminations: ff.1v-2r - both pages contain quite big (200 x 110 mm) identical almond shape decorations (shamsa) with lotus-like rosettes on top and bottom in ultramarine blue and gold of two kinds (shiny and matt) with details in polychrome. They produce an impression of being shamsas, but they do not carry any information and are not designed for any inscription.Ff.2v-3r - frontispiece, representing a royal reception in the garden. The right side of the double page composition, represents a king, sitting on his throne under a tent in the shadow of two blossoming trees (in the top part of the miniature). There is a stream running in front of him. It can be a garden, or just mountainous plain air scene. The courtiers, sitting on their carpets around the king, watching the perfomance of a girl dancing in the bottom part to the accompaniment of a female ensemble (two other girls), playing different musical instruments (harp and tambourine). Interesting: left side of the composition seems to contain the continuation of the reception scene with one more group of musicians – this time male: three men playing a harp, tambourine and a setar. Both sides contain a stream crossing the picture, however, these two parts of the stream do not correspond with each other’s direction.The left side of the double page composition represents courtiers of different ranks (but lower than those on the opposite page around the king) and professions watching the king on the opposite page: they stand and sit in groups under the trees and along the stream: hunters with falcons, arrows and bows, musicians with different musical instruments, grooms with horses, cooks and servants with dishes and bowls, gardeners with spades. The trees are blossoming cherries and cypresses; sky is locally gold with a white Chinese cloud. The details of the painting are very neat (vegetation, ornaments of courtiers dresses, tents and carpets), the palette is very rich. However the condition is not excellent. Some paints, especially the green of the ground and the red, have peeled out, due to the wet. Both paintings are surrounded by a wide frame (22 mm) in bright ultramarine blue with an arabesque ornament of gold rosettes and polychrome details in orange, light blue, green and black. Some pigments peeled out.The beginning of the prose Preface is represented as a magnificent double page sarlauh, where the wide frames of arabesque ornament in blue, shiny and matt gold and polychrome (259 x 152 mm) surround rather small cartouches with the text (65 x 68 mm). The interlinear spaces of text in the cartouches are filled in with gold clouds with floral ornament.There is a miniature (f. 7r), illustrating the prose preface, where there is a king in the garden, sitting on a carpet together with two poets. One is sitting on the grass before them. Two other figures are definitely not poets, but servants: one is serving wine, another is black, holding the manuscript.Robinson called the painting “The presentation to Baysanghur Mirza the completed version of his recension of the Shahnama".The unvan, starting the poem (f. 9v) is comparatively modest in size (115 x 130 mm), but of very high quality of composition and execution (in ultramarine blue, gold of two types – shiny and matt – and polychrome) and in very good condition, despite some water stains on top. The shape is formed of a rectangular base and a semicircular top with rays of blue outlined lace coming to the margins.One of the favourite decorations of the calligrapher is a design of diagonals with illuminated triangles, which can accompany either a page with a miniature, or be on their own (for example ff. 618v-627r are written in such style with only one miniature on f. 626r).Paintings: The miniatures were most probably executed by one artist, who had his obvious preferences in depicting some particular details both in the interior (blue tiled walls and curtains on the window bound in some special knot). To depict the exterior scenes he used the technique of the ‘sea weed-like’ treatment of rocks and hill edges, with usual white or blue Chinese clouds over gold sky, or gold outlined clouds over blue sky, very neatly depicted details of the horses' armour, fthe oreground in several layers of colour, and small wreaths of flowers on the pastel green, pink, or lilac grass.Some illustrations (e.g. f. 30v – murder of Iraj) are accompanied by a verse from Jones’ translation in Ouseley’s hand on the margin.Robinson notes that in a number of cases, faces have been clumsily repainted in India in recent times.Robinson reproduces a number of cropped inlustrations in b/w.

Bibliyografya Norgren, J. & Davis, E., Preliminary index of Shah-nameh illustrations, Ann Arbor, 1969.

Süsleme Frontispiece: Royal reception in the gardenScene Title:Frontispiece (verso side)Folio number: 002vLocation in text:Mohl -1c, Frontispieces and Finispieces, first line: None, break line before: None, break line after: None, last line: None.Frontispiece: Royal reception in the gardenScene Title:Frontispiece (recto side)Folio number: 003rLocation in text:Mohl -1c, Frontispieces and Finispieces, first line: None, break line before: None, break line after: None, last line: None.Baysunqur Mirza /Sultan Mahmud and the presentation of the ShahnamaScene Title:Firdausi and his book introduced to Sultan MahmudFolio number: 007rLocation in text:Mohl -1d, Preface, first line: None, break line before: None, break line after: None, last line: None.Kayumars enthronedFolio number: 012vLocation in text:Mohl 1, Kayumars (30 years), first line: 9, break line before: 10, break line after: 13.0, last line: 26.Jamshid cut in half before ZahhakScene Title:Jamshid sawn in half before ZahhakFolio number: 017rLocation in text:Mohl 4, Jamshid (700 years), first line: 201, break line before: 206, break line after: 208.0, last line: 215.Faridun defeats Zahhak (?)Scene Title:Faridun defeats ZahhakFolio number: 023vLocation in text:Mohl 5, Zahhak (1000 years), first line: 482, break line before: 483, break line after: None, last line: 494.The murder of IrajFolio number: 030vLocation in text:Mohl 6, Faridun (500 years), first line: 523, break line before: 531, break line after: 532.0, last line: 537.Manuchihr kills SalmFolio number: 038rLocation in text:Mohl 6, Faridun (500 years), first line: 1038, break line before: 1044, break line after: 1045.0, last line: 1052.Zal meets RudabaScene Title:Rudaba and Zal togetherFolio number: 047vNotes: The last line is missing in Mohl, following line 674.Location in text:Mohl 7, Manuchihr (120 years), first line: 661, break line before: 665, break line after: 666.0, last line: None.The birth of RustamTitle (Persian): 1663Folio number: 060rLocation in text:Mohl 7, Manuchihr (120 years), first line: 1661, break line before: 1664, break line after: None, last line: 1664.Rustam lifts Afrasiyab by the beltFolio number: 079rLocation in text:Mohl 11, Kay Qubad (100 years), first line: 49, break line before: 50, break line after: 51.0, last line: None.Rustam's first labour: Rakhsh kills a lionTitle (Persian): 323Folio number: 086rLocation in text:Mohl 12, Kay Kavus (150 years), first line: 314, break line before: 314, break line after: 315.0, last line: 325.Rustam's seventh labour: he kills the White DivFolio number: 090rLocation in text:Mohl 12, Kay Kavus (150 years), first line: 618, break line before: 634, break line after: 635.0, last line: 642.Kay Kavus airborneFolio number: 099vNotes: Mohl's verses 475-487 are missing here, as they are in many of the oldest manuscripts and in Khaleghi's edition.Location in text:Mohl 12b, Kay Kavus fights the King of Hamavaran, first line: None, break line before: 474, break line after: 480.0, last line: None.Suhrab fights GurdafaridFolio number: 106rLocation in text:Mohl 12c, Suhrab, first line: 299, break line before: 304, break line after: 305.0, last line: 314.Rustam discovers Suhrab's identityFolio number: 115vLocation in text:Mohl 12c, Suhrab, first line: None, break line before: 1181, break line after: 1182.0, last line: 1190.The fire ordeal of SiyavushFolio number: 124vLocation in text:Mohl 12d, Siyavush, first line: 526, break line before: 539, break line after: 540.0, last line: 541.Guruy executes SiyavushFolio number: 146vLocation in text:Mohl 12d, Siyavush, first line: 2498, break line before: 2516, break line after: None, last line: 2516.Kay Khusrau crosses the Oxus with Farangis and GivFolio number: 160vLocation in text:Mohl 12e, Kay Khusrau comes to Iran, first line: 1070, break line before: 1078, break line after: 1079.0, last line: 1086.Rivniz dies, but Bahram saves his crownFolio number: 180rLocation in text:Mohl 13, Kay Khusrau (60 years), first line: 1429, break line before: 1431, break line after: 1432.0, last line: 1443.Rustam kills Ashkabus and his horseFolio number: 198rLocation in text:Mohl 13b, Kamus-i Kashani, first line: 1401, break line before: 1419, break line after: 1418.0, last line: 1419.Rustam pulls the Khaqan of Chin from his elephant by lassoTitle (Persian): 715Folio number: 208vLocation in text:Mohl 13c, Rustam and the Khaqan-i Chin, first line: 715, break line before: 722, break line after: 723.0, last line: 742.The Div Akvan flings Rustam into the seaScene Title:Akvan Div flings Rustam into the seaFolio number: 218rLocation in text:Mohl 13d, Rustam fights Akhvan Div, first line: None, break line before: 89, break line after: 90.0, last line: 98.Bizhan brought before AfrasiyabFolio number: 224vLocation in text:Mohl 13e, Bizhan and Manizha, first line: 324, break line before: 331, break line after: 332.0, last line: 337.Rustam rescues Bizhan from the pitFolio number: 234vLocation in text:Mohl 13e, Bizhan and Manizha, first line: 1172, break line before: 1174, break line after: 1175.0, last line: 1186.Bertels 20, Bizhan and Manizha (1312), first line: 1103.0, break line before: 1105.0, break line after: 1106.0, last line: 1186.Khaleghi-Motlagh 22, Bizhan and Manizha (1279), first line: 1068.0, break line before: 1070.0, break line after: 1071.0, last line: 1082.0.The eleventh combat: Gudarz kills PiranFolio number: 260vNotes: The painting accurately shows the moment of Gudarz's spear hitting Piran.Location in text:Mohl 13f, The Twelve Rukhs, first line: 2038, break line before: 2042, break line after: 2043.0, last line: 2053.Kay Khusrau kills ShidaScene Title:Kay Khusrau kills Shida Folio number: 274vLocation in text:Mohl 13g, The Great War between Kay Khusrau and Afrasiyab, first line: 689, break line before: 696, break line after: 697.0, last line: 705.Kay Khusrau sees the marvels of the Zara seaScene Title:Kay Khusrau crosses Lake ZaraFolio number: 290rLocation in text:Mohl 13g, The Great War between Kay Khusrau and Afrasiyab, first line: 2015, break line before: 2018, break line after: 2019.0, last line: None.Kay Khusrau beheads Afrasiyab with a blow of his sword*Scene Title:The execution of AfrasiyabFolio number: 294rLocation in text:Mohl 13g, The Great War between Kay Khusrau and Afrasiyab, first line: 2393, break line before: 2405, break line after: 2406.0, last line: 2409.Gushtasp strikes the dragon on the head with his swordScene Title:Gushtasp kills a dragon in RumFolio number: 312rNotes: This image borrows the iconography from Isfandiyar's fight with the dragon, in which he advances in an armoured chariot. Location in text:Mohl 14, Luhrasp (120 years), first line: 557, break line before: 559, break line after: 560.0, last line: 570.Gushtasp sends Isfandiyar to prisonScene Title:Gushtasp puts Isfandiyar in chainsFolio number: 328rLocation in text:Mohl 15, Gushtasp (120 years), first line: 981, break line before: 987, break line after: 988.0, last line: 996.Isfandiyar's fifth labour: he kills the SimurghFolio number: 337vLocation in text:Mohl 15, Gushtasp (120 years), first line: 1802, break line before: 1808, break line after: 1809.0, last line: 1817.Rustam kicks aside the rock pushed by BahmanFolio number: 348rLocation in text:Mohl 15, Gushtasp (120 years), first line: 2719, break line before: 2731, break line after: 2732.0, last line: 2733.Rustam shoots Isfandiyar in the eyes with a double-pointed arrowFolio number: 360vLocation in text:Mohl 15, Gushtasp (120 years), first line: 3776, break line before: 3784, break line after: 3785.0, last line: None.Rustam kills Shaghad before dyingFolio number: 366vLocation in text:Mohl 15, Gushtasp (120 years), first line: 4266, break line before: 4271, break line after: 4272.0, last line: 4281.Iskandar attends dying DaraScene Title:Iskandar attends the dying DaraFolio number: 379rLocation in text:Mohl 20, Iskandar (14 years), first line: 331, break line before: 333, break line after: 334.0, last line: 345.Iskandar visits the Ka'baFolio number: 388rLocation in text:Mohl 20, Iskandar (14 years), first line: 680, break line before: 689, break line after: 690.0, last line: 695.Khizr at the Fountain of LifeFolio number: 396vNotes: The break-line is an interpolation about the presence of Ilyas - not mentioned in the Shahnama. Reproduced in Brend and Melville, p. 159, no. 59. Location in text:Mohl 20, Iskandar (14 years), first line: 1394, break line before: None, break line after: 1401.0, last line: 1405.Ardashir pours molten lead down the worm's throatFolio number: 411vLocation in text:Mohl 21, The Ashkanians (200 years), first line: 722, break line before: 728, break line after: 729.0, last line: 735.Shapur cuts the nose and ears of the King of RumTitle (Persian): 463Folio number: 428vLocation in text:Mohl 29, Shapur Zul-aktaf (72 years), first line: None, break line before: None, break line after: 456.0, last line: 465.Bahram Gur's mount tramples AzadaFolio number: 434vLocation in text:Mohl 34, Yazdagird the Sinner (21 years), first line: 189, break line before: 197, break line after: 198.0, last line: 204.The priest find two golden bulls with their heads in a feeder filled with precious stonesScene Title:Bahram Gur finds Jamshid's treasuresFolio number: 446vLocation in text:Mohl 35, Bahram Gur (1) (63 years), first line: 549, break line before: None, break line after: 556.0, last line: 563.Bahram Gur kills a unicornScene Title:Bahram Gur kills a wolf in IndiaFolio number: 463vLocation in text:Mohl 35b, Bahram Gur (2), first line: 402, break line before: 416, break line after: 417.0, last line: 420.Defeat and death of Piruz (BWR)Scene Title:Piruz and his army fall into a pit and dieFolio number: 471vLocation in text:Mohl 38, Piruz son of Yazdagird (11 years, 4 months), first line: 117, break line before: 121, break line after: 122.0, last line: 130.Zarvan and the jew are hanged from the gallowsScene Title:Anushirvan executes Zarvan and the JewFolio number: 497rLocation in text:Mohl 41, Kisra Anushirvan (48 years), first line: 1729, break line before: 1736, break line after: 1737.0, last line: 1745.Anushirvan receives the Khaqan's daughterFolio number: 503rLocation in text:Mohl 41, Kisra Anushirvan (48 years), first line: 2218, break line before: 2221, break line after: 2222.0, last line: 2232.Talhand dies on his elephantScene Title:Talhand dies on the back of his elephant during the battleFolio number: 515rLocation in text:Mohl 41, Kisra Anushirvan (48 years), first line: 3295, break line before: 3305, break line after: 3306.0, last line: 3310.Anushirvan defeats the Rumis at their moatScene Title:Anushirvan marches on Rum and takes a loan from the merchantsFolio number: 525vLocation in text:Mohl 41, Kisra Anushirvan (48 years), first line: 4260, break line before: 4272, break line after: None, last line: 4273.Bahram Chubina kills the fleeing Sava ShahFolio number: 540rLocation in text:Mohl 42, Hurmuzd (14 years), first line: 910, break line before: 911, break line after: 912.0, last line: 922.King Hurmuzd is assassinatedFolio number: 560rLocation in text:Mohl 43, Khusrau Parviz (38 years), first line: 684, break line before: 689, break line after: 688.0, last line: 700.The angel Surush rescues Khusrau ParvizFolio number: 575vLocation in text:Mohl 43, Khusrau Parviz (38 years), first line: 1961, break line before: 1964, break line after: 1965.0, last line: 1973.Bahram Chubina kills the monkey-lionFolio number: 582rLocation in text:Mohl 43, Khusrau Parviz (38 years), first line: 2452, break line before: 2454, break line after: 2455.0, last line: 2470.The musician Barbad plays for Khusrau ParvizFolio number: 599vLocation in text:Mohl 43, Khusrau Parviz (38 years), first line: 3745, break line before: 3756, break line after: 3757.0, last line: 3758.Khusrau Parviz answers his son's chargesFolio number: 606rNotes: The painting comes at the point in the text where Qubad is enthroned.Location in text:Mohl 44, Qubad son of Parviz (7 months), first line: 85, break line before: 95, break line after: 96.0, last line: 101.Shirin commits suicide by the coffin of Khusrau ParvizFolio number: 612rLocation in text:Mohl 44, Qubad son of Parviz (7 months), first line: 582, break line before: 594, break line after: 595.0, last line: 596.Bizhan kills Mahuy to avenge YazdagirdFolio number: 626rLocation in text:Mohl 50, Yazdagird (16 years), first line: 872, break line before: 875, break line after: None, last line: 881.Sample pageFolio number: 259vColophonFolio number: 627r

Mizanpaj 4 columns. 23 rows. Leaf height: 340 mm, width: 220 mm. Written height: 220 mm, width: 130 mm.

Menşei Yeri Turkman

Köken (Provenance) Gift of J.B.Elliott of Patna in 1859. Cf. Ethe no. 493.

Müstensih(ler) Sultan Husain b. Sultan 'Ali b. Aslanshah al-Katib

Yazı Tipi Nasta'liq. Calligrapher: Sultan Husain b. Sultan 'Ali b. Aslanshah al-Katib.

Yüzyıl 1 1400s C.E.

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Yıl (Bitiş) 1494

Yıl (Başlangıç) 1494

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