Legal document: engagement deed

Name: Legal document: engagement deed
Author: CUL. Translation by Amir Ashur and Ben Outhwaite.

İsim	Legal document: engagement deed
Yazar	CUL. Translation by Amir Ashur and Ben Outhwaite.
Konu	Cairo Genizah
Tür	Belge
Dil	arc,heb,jrb
Dijital	Evet
Yazma	Evet
Sayfa Sayısı	2
Fiziksel Boyutlar	2 leaves (bifolium). Leaf height: 16.8 cm, width: 24.5 (12.5) cm.
Kütüphane:	Cambridge Dijital Kütüphanesi
Kayıt Numarası	MS-LG-MISC-00042
Lokasyon	Cambridge University Library — L-G Misc. 42
Tarih	1119 CE-1119-12-31-1119-01-01
Notlar	Legal document for the engagement of Ṭoviyya b. Tiqva and Sitt al-Kull bat Peraḥya, witnessed by Abraham b. Šemaʿya he-Ḥaver, Isaac b. Samuel ha-Sefardi and Ḥalfon b. Manasseh. Dated Kislev 1431 of the Seleucid Era (= 1119 CE). It is in fact the earliest known example of such a deed, since formalising a couple’s engagement with a legal document appears to have been an innovation of the 12th century. Jewish marriage is a three-stage process: engagement, betrothal and marriage. Betrothal, at which the couple are declared married but do not move in together, and marriage, when the woman leaves her father’s house and lives with her husband, are both formal events requiring a written document. Engagement, however, was an oral agreement of a more informal nature. In 12th-century Fustat, Egypt, however, the Jewish community began to formalise engagements through a written deed, in order to better protect the rights of women in the partnership. The deeds mostly consist of prenuptial conditions to be imposed on the husband: where the couple would live (and who has the right to choose), the right of the woman to ask for a divorce, various restrictions on the husband’s movements, etc, and testify to the relative power that Jewish women had in the marriage agreement.
İlişkili Ad(lar)	Lewis, Agnes Smith, 1843-1926; Gibson, Margaret Dunlop, 1843-1920; Ṭoviyya b. Tiqva; Sitt al-Kull bat Peraḥya; Abraham b. Šemaʿya he-Ḥaver; Isaac b. Samuel ha-Sefardi
Durum	Torn, holes
Fonlama	The purchase, conservation and digitisation of the Lewis-Gibson Collection at Cambridge University Library has been made possible with the assistance of grants from the Polonsky Foundation, the Parasol Foundation, and a generous donation made through the assistance of the late Robert (Roby) Littman, a Director of the Littman Library of Jewish Civilisation, as well as with the support of other individuals and charitable institutions.
Mizanpaj	13-17 lines (f. 2r and 2v are blank)
Materyal	Paper
Menşei Yeri	Fusṭāṭ
Köken (Provenance)	Purchased by Agnes Smith Lewis and Margaret Dunlop Gibson in 1896. Donated subsequently to Westminster College, Cambridge, from whom it was purchased jointly by Cambridge University Library and the Bodleian Libraries, Oxford, in 2013.
Müstensih(ler)	Ḥalfon b. Manasseh
Yüzyıl 1	1100s C.E.
Oluşturma Tarihi (Bağlantı Türü)	keyword search
Tarih Aralığı	[1119-01-01 TO 1119-12-31]
Oluşturma Türü	creation
Yıl (Bitiş)	1119
Yıl (Başlangıç)	1119
Görüntü Hakları (Görüntüleme)	Cambridge University Library
Görüntü Hakları (İndirme)	Images made available for download are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Unported License (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Dil Kodu 1	jrb
Dil Kodu 2	heb
Dil Kodu 3	arc
Dil 1	Judeo-Arabic
Dil 2	Hebrew
Dil 3	Official Aramaic (700-300 BCE); Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)
Metadata Hakları	This metadata is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Unported License.
Küçük Resim Yönü	landscape
Filigran Beyanı	Bodleian Libraries, Oxford, and Cambridge University Library (CC BY-NC 4.0)

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Legal document: engagement deed

Yazar CUL. Translation by Amir Ashur and Ben Outhwaite.

Konu Cairo Genizah

Tür Belge

Dil arc,heb,jrb

Dijital Evet

Yazma Evet

Sayfa Sayısı 2

Fiziksel Boyutlar 2 leaves (bifolium). Leaf height: 16.8 cm, width: 24.5 (12.5) cm.

Kütüphane Cambridge Dijital Kütüphanesi

Kayıt Numarası MS-LG-MISC-00042

Lokasyon Cambridge University Library — L-G Misc. 42

Tarih 1119 CE-1119-12-31-1119-01-01

Notlar Legal document for the engagement of Ṭoviyya b. Tiqva and Sitt al-Kull bat Peraḥya, witnessed by Abraham b. Šemaʿya he-Ḥaver, Isaac b. Samuel ha-Sefardi and Ḥalfon b. Manasseh. Dated Kislev 1431 of the Seleucid Era (= 1119 CE). It is in fact the earliest known example of such a deed, since formalising a couple’s engagement with a legal document appears to have been an innovation of the 12th century. Jewish marriage is a three-stage process: engagement, betrothal and marriage. Betrothal, at which the couple are declared married but do not move in together, and marriage, when the woman leaves her father’s house and lives with her husband, are both formal events requiring a written document. Engagement, however, was an oral agreement of a more informal nature. In 12th-century Fustat, Egypt, however, the Jewish community began to formalise engagements through a written deed, in order to better protect the rights of women in the partnership. The deeds mostly consist of prenuptial conditions to be imposed on the husband: where the couple would live (and who has the right to choose), the right of the woman to ask for a divorce, various restrictions on the husband’s movements, etc, and testify to the relative power that Jewish women had in the marriage agreement.

İlişkili Ad(lar) Lewis, Agnes Smith, 1843-1926; Gibson, Margaret Dunlop, 1843-1920; Ṭoviyya b. Tiqva; Sitt al-Kull bat Peraḥya; Abraham b. Šemaʿya he-Ḥaver; Isaac b. Samuel ha-Sefardi

Durum Torn, holes

Fonlama The purchase, conservation and digitisation of the Lewis-Gibson Collection at Cambridge University Library has been made possible with the assistance of grants from the Polonsky Foundation, the Parasol Foundation, and a generous donation made through the assistance of the late Robert (Roby) Littman, a Director of the Littman Library of Jewish Civilisation, as well as with the support of other individuals and charitable institutions.

Mizanpaj 13-17 lines (f. 2r and 2v are blank)

Materyal Paper

Menşei Yeri Fusṭāṭ

Köken (Provenance) Purchased by Agnes Smith Lewis and Margaret Dunlop Gibson in 1896. Donated subsequently to Westminster College, Cambridge, from whom it was purchased jointly by Cambridge University Library and the Bodleian Libraries, Oxford, in 2013.

Müstensih(ler) Ḥalfon b. Manasseh

Yüzyıl 1 1100s C.E.

Oluşturma Tarihi (Bağlantı Türü) keyword search

Tarih Aralığı [1119-01-01 TO 1119-12-31]

Oluşturma Türü creation

Yıl (Bitiş) 1119

Yıl (Başlangıç) 1119

Görüntü Hakları (Görüntüleme) Cambridge University Library

Görüntü Hakları (İndirme) Images made available for download are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Unported License (CC BY-NC 4.0)

Dil Kodu 1 jrb

Dil Kodu 2 heb

Dil Kodu 3 arc

Dil 1 Judeo-Arabic

Dil 2 Hebrew

Dil 3 Official Aramaic (700-300 BCE); Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)

Metadata Hakları This metadata is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Unported License.

Küçük Resim Yönü landscape

Filigran Beyanı Bodleian Libraries, Oxford, and Cambridge University Library (CC BY-NC 4.0)